Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
Departments of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 22;11(2):236. doi: 10.3390/nu11020236.
Presently, undernutrition still goes undetected in pediatric hospitals despite its association with poor clinical outcomes and increased annual hospital costs, thus affecting both the patient and the health care system. The reported prevalence of undernutrition in pediatric patients seeking care or hospitalized varies considerably, ranging from 2.5 to 51%. This disparity is mostly due to the diversity of the origin of populations studied, methods used to detect and assess nutritional status, as well as the lack of consensus for defining pediatric undernutrition. The prevalence among inpatients is likely to be higher than that observed for the community at large, since malnourished children are likely to have a pre-existent disease or to develop medical complications. Meanwhile, growing evidence indicates that the nutritional status of sick children deteriorates during the course of hospitalization. Moreover, the absence of systematic nutritional screening in this environment may lead to an underestimation of this condition. The present review aims to critically discuss studies documenting the prevalence of malnutrition in pediatric hospitals in developed and in-transition countries and identifying hospital practices that may jeopardize the nutritional status of hospitalized children.
目前，尽管营养不良与不良临床结局和增加的年度医院成本有关，但在儿科医院仍然未被发现，从而影响到患者和医疗保健系统。接受治疗或住院的儿科患者的营养不良患病率差异很大，报告范围从 2.5%到 51%。这种差异主要是由于研究人群的来源多样性、用于检测和评估营养状况的方法以及缺乏定义儿科营养不良的共识所致。与一般社区相比，住院患者中的患病率可能更高，因为营养不良的儿童可能患有先前存在的疾病或出现医疗并发症。与此同时，越来越多的证据表明，患病儿童的营养状况在住院期间恶化。此外，在这种环境下缺乏系统的营养筛查可能导致对这种情况的低估。本综述旨在批判性地讨论记录发达国家和转型国家儿科医院营养不良患病率的研究，并确定可能危及住院儿童营养状况的医院做法。
