Veiel H O
Psychological Consultants Inc., Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1997 Aug;19(4):587-603. doi: 10.1080/01688639708403745.
A profile of neuropsychological deficits of clinically depressed (major depression) but otherwise unimpaired individuals is presented, based on a meta-analysis of all studies published since 1975 and meeting stringent methodological and sample selection criteria. Deficits are discussed separately for different cognitive areas in terms of mean size of deficit, variability between studies, variability of individual scores in depressed populations relative to that of controls, and expected proportion of depressed individuals scoring two standard deviations or more below the mean of controls. The neuropsychological deficits of individuals with major depression are shown to be consistent with a global-diffuse impairment of brain functions with particular involvement of the frontal lobes. Recent neuro-imaging studies also indicating frontal dysfunction in clinical (functional) depression are referred to. Both the severity and the profile of cognitive deficiencies in depression are postulated to be similar to those seen in moderately severe traumatic brain injury.
基于对1975年以来发表的所有符合严格方法学和样本选择标准的研究进行的荟萃分析，本文呈现了临床抑郁（重度抑郁）但无其他损伤个体的神经心理学缺陷概况。根据缺陷的平均大小、研究间的变异性、抑郁人群个体分数相对于对照组的变异性，以及抑郁个体得分低于对照组均值两个标准差或更多的预期比例，分别讨论了不同认知领域的缺陷。重度抑郁个体的神经心理学缺陷显示与大脑功能的整体弥漫性损伤一致，额叶尤其受累。文中还提及了近期神经影像学研究，这些研究也表明临床（功能性）抑郁存在额叶功能障碍。抑郁中认知缺陷的严重程度和概况都被假定与中度严重创伤性脑损伤中所见的相似。
