Stewart A M, Hopkins W G
School of Physical Education and Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Oct;29(10):1389-92. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199710000-00018.
The purpose of this study was to determine how closely competitive swimmers complied with their coaches' prescriptions when training in squads. A training session early in the buildup phase of the season was observed for each of 24 coaches who had been randomized to two groups: an experimental, high-intensity, low-distance program (E) and a control (usual) program (C). Swim distances, rest durations, and swim durations for at least one set of prescribed repetitions (reps) were recorded for each of 47 swimmers (87 sets, 429 reps) in E and for 49 swimmers (79 sets, 402 reps) in C. The pace of each rep, expressed as percent of the swimmer's current personal best pace for the distance of the rep, represented observed intensity. There was almost perfect agreement between the prescribed and observed swim distances for the set of reps (Spearman r = 0.99 in both groups). Prescribed and observed rest intervals were also closely matched in E and C (Spearman r = 0.87 and 0.77 respectively). Four coaches in E and 10 coaches in C prescribed intensity subjectively as easy, moderate, hard, or race-pace; mean +/- SD observed intensities (%) for their swimmers were 79 +/- 6, 81 +/- 3, 91 +/- 2, and 93 +/- 5, respectively. The relationship between these coaches' subjective training prescription and individual swimmers' interpretations of these intensities was poor (Cohen's kappa = 0.39). Nine coaches in E prescribed intensity as percent of personal best pace. Although the mean prescribed and observed intensities for their swimmers were similar (89 +/- 4 and 90 +/- 7, respectively), the relationship between individual values was poor (Pearson r = 0.30). We conclude that swimmers complied with prescribed distances and rest intervals but were less effective in judging the intensity of swim training. We recommend that coaches monitor training intensity more closely.
本研究的目的是确定竞技游泳运动员在集体训练时遵循教练规定的程度。在赛季准备阶段初期，对24名教练各自的一次训练课进行了观察，这些教练被随机分为两组：实验组，高强度、低距离训练计划（E组）和对照组（常规）训练计划（C组）。记录了E组47名游泳运动员（87组，429次重复）和C组49名游泳运动员（79组，402次重复）至少一组规定重复动作的游泳距离、休息时间和游泳时间。每次重复动作的速度，以该重复动作距离的游泳者当前个人最佳速度的百分比表示，代表观察到的强度。两组中规定的和观察到的该组重复动作的游泳距离几乎完全一致（斯皮尔曼相关系数r = 0.99）。E组和C组中规定的和观察到的休息间隔也紧密匹配（斯皮尔曼相关系数r分别为0.87和0.77）。E组的4名教练和C组的10名教练主观上将强度规定为轻松、中等、艰苦或比赛速度；他们的游泳者观察到的平均强度（%）分别为79±6、81±3、91±2和93±5。这些教练的主观训练规定与个别游泳者对这些强度的理解之间的关系较差（科恩kappa系数 = 0.39）。E组的9名教练将强度规定为个人最佳速度的百分比。尽管他们的游泳者规定的和观察到的平均强度相似（分别为89±4和90±7），但个别值之间的关系较差（皮尔逊相关系数r = 0.30）。我们得出结论，游泳运动员遵循了规定的距离和休息间隔，但在判断游泳训练强度方面效果较差。我们建议教练更密切地监测训练强度。
