Gulson B L, Gillings B R
Graduate School of the Environment, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, CSIRO/EM, North Ryde, Australia.
Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Aug;105(8):820-4. doi: 10.1289/ehp.97105820.
Stable lead isotopes and lead concentrations were measured in the enamel and dentine of permanent (n = 37) and deciduous teeth (n = 14) from 47 European immigrants to Australia to determine whether lead exchange occurs in teeth and how it relates to lead exchange in bone. Enamel exhibits no exchange of its European-origin lead with lead from the Australian environment. In contrast, dentine lead exchanges with Australian lead to the extent of approximately 1% per year. In one subject, trabecular bone from the tooth socket exchanged almost all its European lead with Australian lead over a a 15-year period (turnover of approximately 6% per year), similar to the approximately 8% per year proposed for lead turnover in trabecular bone. The repository characteristics of intact circumpulpal dentine were investigated by analyses of four sets of contiguous slices from six teeth: 1) a set consisting of slices with intact circumpulpal dentine and cementum; 2) a set in which these areas were removed; 3) another set consisting of slices with intact circumpulpal dentine and cementum; and 4) a set without cementum. These analyses show relatively small differences in isotopic composition between contiguous slices except that circumpulpal dentine appears to be the dominant control on lead concentration. There is a significant correlation (R2 = 0.19, p = 0.01, n = 34) of dentine lead concentration and rate of exchange with residence time from the country of origin and Australian lead, but there is no such correlation with enamel lead concentration. Analyses of permanent and deciduous teeth of subjects from other countries who have resided in Australia for varying lengths of time should resolve some of the questions arising from this pilot study.
对47名欧洲移民到澳大利亚者的恒牙（n = 37）和乳牙（n = 14）的牙釉质和牙本质中的稳定铅同位素及铅浓度进行了测量，以确定牙齿中是否发生铅交换以及其与骨骼中铅交换的关系。牙釉质中源自欧洲的铅与澳大利亚环境中的铅之间未发生交换。相比之下，牙本质中的铅与澳大利亚的铅发生交换，每年的交换程度约为1%。在一名受试者中，牙槽骨小梁中的欧洲铅在15年期间几乎全部与澳大利亚的铅进行了交换（每年周转率约为6%），这与小梁骨中铅周转率约为8%的情况相似。通过对六颗牙齿的四组连续切片进行分析，研究了完整的牙髓周牙本质的储存特征：1）一组由带有完整牙髓周牙本质和牙骨质的切片组成；2）一组去除了这些区域的切片；3）另一组由带有完整牙髓周牙本质和牙骨质的切片组成；4）一组没有牙骨质的切片。这些分析表明，连续切片之间的同位素组成差异相对较小，只是牙髓周牙本质似乎是铅浓度的主要控制因素。牙本质铅浓度和交换率与来自原籍国的居住时间及澳大利亚的铅之间存在显著相关性（R2 = 0.19，p = 0.01，n = 34），但与牙釉质铅浓度不存在这种相关性。对在澳大利亚居住不同时间的其他国家受试者的恒牙和乳牙进行分析，应能解决这项初步研究中出现的一些问题。
