Elmquist J K, Scammell T E, Saper C B
Dept of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 1997 Dec;20(12):565-70. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01138-7.
The acute-phase reaction is the multisystem response to acute inflammation. The central nervous system (CNS) mediates a coordinated set of autonomic, endocrine and behavioral responses that constitute the cerebral component of the acute-phase reaction. However, the mechanisms of immune signaling of the CNS remain controversial. Emerging evidence indicates that different parts of the acute-phase reaction are initiated by distinct mechanisms and in different brain regions. Cytokines produced as a result of local infections (for example, in the abdominal or thoracic cavities) might activate vagal sensory fibers, resulting in sickness behavior and fevers. Additionally, circulating immune stimuli might activate meningeal macrophages and perivascular microglia along the borders of the brain, eliciting the local production of prostaglandins and responses such as fever, anorexia, sleepiness, and activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The biological importance of these responses might favor the existence of multiple parallel CNS pathways that are engaged by cytokines.
急性期反应是机体对急性炎症的多系统反应。中枢神经系统（CNS）介导一系列协调的自主神经、内分泌和行为反应，这些反应构成了急性期反应的脑部分。然而，CNS的免疫信号传导机制仍存在争议。新出现的证据表明，急性期反应的不同部分是由不同机制在不同脑区启动的。局部感染（如腹腔或胸腔感染）产生的细胞因子可能激活迷走神经感觉纤维，导致疾病行为和发热。此外，循环免疫刺激可能激活脑边界处的脑膜巨噬细胞和血管周围小胶质细胞，引发前列腺素的局部产生以及发热、厌食、嗜睡和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴激活等反应。这些反应的生物学重要性可能有利于存在多条由细胞因子参与的平行CNS途径。
