Shimonaka Y, Nakazato K, Kawaai C, Sato S
Department of Psychology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan.
J Genet Psychol. 1997 Dec;158(4):389-400. doi: 10.1080/00221329709596677.
The purposes of this study were (a) to examine androgynous, masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated traits of Japanese respondents ranging in age from 13 to 92 years old, as measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory and (b) to measure the relationship between androgyny and successful adaptation. The respondents were randomly sampled from Yokohama City (634 men, 802 women) and were classified by age as follows: 13-24 years old, 25-44 years old, 45-64 years old, and 65 and older. Successful adaptation was measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the CES-Depression Scale, the Hassles Scale, and by subjective health. No age effects for androgyny and masculinity were found in men. The undifferentiated type was predominant in adolescents, both male and female. In the oldest age group, most women were classified as feminine. Adaptation of the four sex roles was different depending on sex and age. Throughout the life span of both sexes, there was a relationship between androgyny and successful adaptation. Self-esteem and subjective health seemed to be the most effective predictors of adaptation.
（a）通过贝姆性别角色量表，考察年龄在13至92岁之间的日本受访者的双性化、男性化、女性化和未分化特质；（b）测量双性化与成功适应之间的关系。受访者从横滨市随机抽取（634名男性，802名女性），并按年龄分类如下：13至24岁、25至44岁、45至64岁以及65岁及以上。通过罗森伯格自尊量表、流调中心用抑郁量表、日常烦恼量表以及主观健康状况来衡量成功适应情况。在男性中未发现双性化和男性化的年龄效应。未分化型在青少年中占主导，无论男女。在最年长的年龄组中，大多数女性被归类为女性化。四种性别角色的适应情况因性别和年龄而异。在两性的整个生命周期中，双性化与成功适应之间存在关联。自尊和主观健康似乎是适应情况最有效的预测指标。
