Attebo K, Mitchell P, Cumming R, Smith W, Jolly N, Sparkes R
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Ophthalmology. 1998 Jan;105(1):154-9. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(98)91862-0.
The study aimed to determine the prevalence, causes, and associations with amblyopia in a defined older population.
In a population-based study, 3654 persons 49 years of age or older from an area west of Sydney, Australia, underwent a detailed eye examination and history, including objective and subjective refraction, cover testing, and retinal and lens photography. Amblyopia was diagnosed in eyes with reduced best-corrected visual acuity in the absence of any other cause.
Amblyopia was diagnosed in 118 participants, or 3.2% of the population using a visual acuity criterion of 20/30 or less and 2.9% using a visual acuity criterion of 20/40 or less. Using a two-line visual acuity difference between the eyes, the amblyopia prevalence was 2.6% and 2.5%, respectively, for the above criteria. The underlying amblyogenic causes assessed were anisometropia (50%), strabismus (19%), mixed strabismus and anisometropia (27%), and visual deprivation (4%). The visual acuity of the amblyopic eye was 20/200 or worse (19%), 20/80 to 20/160 (19%), 20/40 to 20/63 (52%), and 20/30 (11%). No statistically significant associations were found between amblyopia and gender or eye affected. The most frequent pattern of strabismus was esotropia, whereas hypermetropia was the most frequent refractive error in amblyopic eyes. The mean age at diagnosis was earlier for strabismic and mixed amblyopia (7.4 years) than for anisometropic amblyopia (12.7 years).
This study has provided prevalence and cases of amblyopia in an older population. Amblyopia is a frequent cause of lifelong unilateral visual impairment.
本研究旨在确定特定老年人群中弱视的患病率、病因及其与弱视的关联。
在一项基于人群的研究中，对来自澳大利亚悉尼以西地区的3654名49岁及以上的人进行了详细的眼部检查和病史采集，包括客观和主观验光、遮盖试验以及视网膜和晶状体摄影。在没有任何其他病因的情况下，对最佳矫正视力降低的眼睛诊断为弱视。
采用视力标准为20/30及以下时，118名参与者被诊断为弱视，占人群的3.2%；采用视力标准为20/40及以下时，占2.9%。以两眼视力相差两行作为标准，上述标准下弱视患病率分别为2.6%和2.5%。评估的潜在致弱视病因包括屈光参差（50%）、斜视（19%）、斜视与屈光参差混合（27%）以及形觉剥夺（4%）。弱视眼的视力为20/200及更差（19%）、20/80至20/160（19%）、20/40至20/63（52%）以及20/30（11%）。未发现弱视与性别或患眼之间存在统计学上的显著关联。最常见的斜视类型是内斜视，而远视是弱视眼中最常见的屈光不正。斜视性和混合性弱视的平均诊断年龄（7.4岁）早于屈光参差性弱视（12.7岁）。
本研究提供了老年人群中弱视的患病率和病例情况。弱视是导致终身单眼视力损害的常见原因。
