Bluthenthal R N, Kral A H, Lorvick J, Watters J K
Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA. rnb itsa.ucsf.edu
Med Anthropol. 1997 Dec;18(1):61-83. doi: 10.1080/01459740.1997.9966150.
Drug paraphernalia and prescription laws make syringe exchange programs (SEPs) illegal in most states in the U.S. Nonetheless, SEPs have been started in 25 states and the District of Columbia as of September 1995. In some states like California and New Jersey, SEPs have operated despite police arrest of volunteers and clients. We examine the impact of police action and threat on SEPs by comparing an underground syringe exchange site (SES) in West Oakland to a tolerated SES in the Fillmore neighborhood of San Francisco. The following data sources are utilized: demographic and service utilization data from Alameda County Exchange (ACE) in West Oakland and Prevention Point Needle and Syringe Exchange (PPNSE) in the Fillmore, San Francisco; demographic and syringe exchange utilization information collected from street-recruited samples of injection drug users (IDUs) in West Oakland and the Fillmore; and participant observation of SES in these two communities. We found that police action and the threat of police action in West Oakland decreased utilization of SEP by IDUs, limited the number and diversity of volunteers at SES, and inhibited the operation and expansion of SEP.
在美国的大多数州，吸毒用具和处方药相关法律使得注射器交换项目（SEP）成为非法行为。尽管如此，截至1995年9月，25个州和哥伦比亚特区已经启动了注射器交换项目。在加利福尼亚州和新泽西州等一些州，尽管警察逮捕了志愿者和客户，注射器交换项目仍在运行。我们通过比较奥克兰西部的一个地下注射器交换点（SES）和旧金山菲尔莫尔社区一个被容忍的注射器交换点，来研究警方行动和威胁对注射器交换项目的影响。使用了以下数据来源：奥克兰西部阿拉米达县交换中心（ACE）和旧金山菲尔莫尔预防点针头和注射器交换中心（PPNSE）的人口统计和服务利用数据；从奥克兰西部和菲尔莫尔街头招募的注射吸毒者（IDU）样本中收集的人口统计和注射器交换利用信息；以及对这两个社区注射器交换点的参与观察。我们发现，奥克兰西部的警方行动和警方行动的威胁降低了注射吸毒者对注射器交换项目的利用率，限制了注射器交换点志愿者的数量和多样性，并抑制了注射器交换项目的运作和扩展。
