Mitchell G A, Dunnavan G
Office of Surveillance & Compliance, Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1998 Jan;76(1):208-11. doi: 10.2527/1998.761208x.
Clenbuterol (CBL) is a member of the class of drugs called beta-agonists, which have powerful desirable and undesirable effects. Clenbuterol has the ability to increase muscle mass and residues in tissue of treated animals but can cause symptoms of acute poisoning in people. Symptoms, but no deaths, from CBL residue-induced food poisoning have been reported from investigations of separate events in Spain and France. In 1991, FDA sent letters to all states and USDA/FSIS advising them of the possibility of illegal CBL use in domestic animals and of our concern about adverse effects on public health if residue was present in food. The FDA asked U.S. Customs to be alert to attempts at illegal importation and to advise that we were prepared to investigate distribution, sale, or use of the drug. Analytical methods are available to assay for CBL residue in edible tissues and in the retinal tissues of the eye. Methods are being developed for assay of noninvasive samples such as hair. Residues of CBL have been found in one sample of edible tissue and several samples of retinal tissues from show animals and in some classes of commercial meat-producing animals. Several individuals have been found guilty of distributing CBL, cases are pending, and investigations are continuing. It is possible that CBL will be approved for safe conditions of use. The scenario of ultimately one or more beta-agonist drugs approved for legal use in food-producing animals and the probable continued availability of several illegal analogs will be a challenging containment task for regulators and the leaders of the meat-producing livestock industries.
克仑特罗（CBL）是一类名为β-激动剂的药物成员，这类药物有强大的有益和不良作用。克仑特罗有增加经治疗动物的肌肉量及组织残留量的能力，但会在人体引发急性中毒症状。西班牙和法国分别进行的调查报道了由CBL残留导致食物中毒的症状，但无死亡情况。1991年，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）致函各州及美国农业部食品安全检验局（USDA/FSIS），告知它们国内动物非法使用CBL的可能性，以及若食品中存在残留，我们对公众健康不良影响的担忧。FDA要求美国海关留意非法进口企图，并告知我们已准备好调查该药物的分销、销售或使用情况。有分析方法可用于检测可食用组织及眼部视网膜组织中的CBL残留。正在开发用于检测毛发等非侵入性样本的方法。在参展动物的一个可食用组织样本以及几个视网膜组织样本中，以及在一些商业肉类生产动物类别中，均发现了CBL残留。已有数人因分销CBL被判有罪，案件正在审理中，调查仍在继续。CBL有可能被批准在安全条件下使用。最终一种或多种β-激动剂药物被批准用于食用动物合法用途，以及几种非法类似物可能继续存在的情况，对监管机构和肉类生产畜牧业的领导者来说，将是一项具有挑战性的管控任务。
