Mäkelä M J, Puhakka T, Ruuskanen O, Leinonen M, Saikku P, Kimpimäki M, Blomqvist S, Hyypiä T, Arstila P
Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Finland.
J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Feb;36(2):539-42. doi: 10.1128/JCM.36.2.539-542.1998.
Two hundred young adults with common colds were studied during a 10-month period. Virus culture, antigen detection, PCR, and serology with paired samples were used to identify the infection. Viral etiology was established for 138 of the 200 patients (69%). Rhinoviruses were detected in 105 patients, coronavirus OC43 or 229E infection was detected in 17, influenza A or B virus was detected in 12, and single infections with parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and enterovirus were found in 14 patients. Evidence for bacterial infection was found in seven patients. Four patients had a rise in antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae, one had a rise in antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae, one had a rise in antibodies against Streptococcus pneumoniae, and one had immunoglobulin M antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The results show that although approximately 50% of episodes of the common cold were caused by rhinoviruses, the etiology can vary depending on the epidemiological situation with regard to circulating viruses. Bacterial infections were rare, supporting the concept that the common cold is almost exclusively a viral disease.
在为期10个月的时间里，对200名患普通感冒的年轻人进行了研究。采用病毒培养、抗原检测、聚合酶链反应（PCR）以及配对样本血清学检测来确定感染情况。200名患者中有138名（69%）确定了病毒病因。105名患者检测出鼻病毒，17名患者检测出冠状病毒OC43或229E感染，12名患者检测出甲型或乙型流感病毒，14名患者分别感染副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒和肠道病毒。7名患者发现有细菌感染证据。4名患者抗肺炎衣原体抗体升高，1名患者抗流感嗜血杆菌抗体升高，1名患者抗肺炎链球菌抗体升高，1名患者有抗肺炎支原体免疫球蛋白M抗体。结果表明，虽然约50%的普通感冒发作由鼻病毒引起，但病因可能因流行病毒的流行病学情况而异。细菌感染很少见，这支持了普通感冒几乎完全是一种病毒性疾病的观点。
