Prevost A T, Whichelow M J, Cox B D
Center for Applied Medical Statistics, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge.
Br J Nutr. 1997 Dec;78(6):873-88. doi: 10.1079/bjn19970206.
The study aimed to examine dietary changes and their associations with demographic, lifestyle and health variables in a random sample of British adults. The Health and Lifestyle Survey of 1984-5 (HALS1) identified four main dietary components by principal component analysis from food frequency data. Comparison of the HALS1 dietary component scores with those of the follow-up survey of 1991-2 (HALS2) for the same individuals revealed increases on component 1 (high weightings for fresh fruit, salads, 'brown' bread, fruit juice and green vegetables but low weightings for chips, fried food and processed meat). There were substantial decreases on component 2 (high weightings for puddings/pies, cake, potatoes, biscuits, preserves, pulses and meat), small increase on component 3 (high weightings for crisps, soft drinks and chips) and increases on component 4 (high weightings for confectionery, biscuits and cake and low weightings for vegetables of all kinds). Except for women on component 3 the changes were all significant, P < 0.001. Unadjusted score changes were smallest in elderly respondents for all components. Differences in score changes between groups were based on an analysis of covariance adjusting for the HALS1 score. On component 1 the largest score increases were associated with non-manual groups, improvements in lifestyle and good health. For component 2 the greatest changes in score were associated with changes in household size, smoking habit and heavy drinking. Score increases on component 3 were also associated with heavy drinking, whilst the largest rises on component 4 were amongst the non-manual, the non-drinkers and the non-smokers and, for women only, those who had few malaise symptoms or who lived in Scotland. The results show that there have been overall dietary changes and that changes have been associated with longitudinal alterations in socio-demographic, lifestyle and health circumstances.
该研究旨在调查英国成年人随机样本中的饮食变化及其与人口统计学、生活方式和健康变量之间的关联。1984 - 1985年健康与生活方式调查（HALS1）通过对食物频率数据进行主成分分析，确定了四种主要饮食成分。将同一批人的HALS1饮食成分得分与1991 - 1992年随访调查（HALS2）的得分进行比较，结果显示，成分1得分增加（新鲜水果、沙拉、“全麦”面包、果汁和绿色蔬菜的权重较高，而薯片、油炸食品和加工肉类的权重较低）。成分2得分大幅下降（布丁/派、蛋糕、土豆、饼干、果酱、豆类和肉类的权重较高），成分3得分小幅增加（薯片、软饮料和薯条的权重较高），成分4得分增加（糖果、饼干和蛋糕的权重较高，各类蔬菜的权重较低）。除了成分3中的女性，所有变化均具有显著性（P < 0.001）。所有成分的未调整得分变化在老年受访者中最小。组间得分变化差异基于对HALS1得分进行协方差调整的分析。在成分1上，得分增加幅度最大的与非体力劳动者群体、生活方式改善和健康状况良好相关。对于成分2，得分变化最大的与家庭规模、吸烟习惯和酗酒的变化有关。成分3得分增加也与酗酒有关，而成分4得分增加幅度最大的是在非体力劳动者、不饮酒者和不吸烟者中，仅对女性而言，还包括那些不适症状较少或居住在苏格兰的女性。结果表明，总体饮食发生了变化，且这些变化与社会人口统计学、生活方式和健康状况的纵向改变相关。
