Prevots D R, Ciofi degli Atti M L, Sallabanda A, Diamante E, Aylward R B, Kakariqqi E, Fiore L, Ylli A, van der Avoort H, Sutter R W, Tozzi A E, Panei P, Schinaia N, Genovese D, Oblapenko G, Greco D, Wassilak S G
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Feb;26(2):419-25. doi: 10.1086/516312.
After >10 years without detection of any cases of wild virus-associated poliomyelitis, a large outbreak of poliomyelitis occurred in Albania in 1996. A total of 138 paralytic cases occurred, of which 16 (12%) were fatal. The outbreak was due to wild poliovirus type 1, isolated from 69 cases. An attack rate of 10 per 100,000 population was observed among adults aged 19-25 years who were born during a time of declining wild poliovirus circulation and had been vaccinated with two doses of monovalent oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) that may have been exposed to ambient temperatures for prolonged periods. Control of the epidemic was achieved by two rounds of mass vaccination with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine targeted to persons aged 0-50 years. This outbreak underscores the ongoing threat of importation of wild poliovirus into European countries, the importance of delivering potent vaccine through an adequate cold chain, and the effectiveness of national OPV mass vaccination campaigns for outbreak control.
在连续10多年未检测到任何野生病毒相关脊髓灰质炎病例之后，1996年阿尔巴尼亚发生了大规模脊髓灰质炎疫情。总共出现了138例麻痹性病例，其中16例（12%）死亡。此次疫情是由1型野生脊髓灰质炎病毒引起的，从69例病例中分离出了该病毒。在19 - 25岁的成年人中观察到每10万人中有10例的发病率，这些成年人出生时野生脊髓灰质炎病毒传播率正在下降，并且接种了两剂单价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV），而这些疫苗可能长时间暴露于环境温度下。通过针对0 - 50岁人群开展两轮三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗大规模接种实现了疫情控制。此次疫情凸显了野生脊髓灰质炎病毒输入欧洲国家的持续威胁、通过适当冷链提供有效疫苗的重要性以及国家口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗大规模接种运动在疫情控制方面的有效性。
