Calabrese E J, Baldwin L A
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Feb;106 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):357-62. doi: 10.1289/ehp.98106s1357.
A comprehensive effort was undertaken to identify articles demonstrating chemical hormesis. Nearly 4000 potentially relevant articles were retrieved from preliminary computer database searches by using various key word descriptors and extensive cross-referencing. A priori evaluation criteria were established including study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose range), statistical analysis, and reproducibility of results. Evidence of chemical hormesis was judged to have occurred in approximately 350 of the 4000 studies evaluated. Chemical hormesis was observed in a wide range of taxonomic groups and involved agents representing highly diverse chemical classes, many of potential environmental relevance. Numerous biological end points were assessed; growth responses were the most prevalent, followed by metabolic effects, longevity, reproductive responses, and survival. Hormetic responses were generally observed to be of limited magnitude. The average low-dose maximum stimulation was approximately 50% greater than controls. The hormetic dose-response range was generally limited to about one order of magnitude, with the upper end of the hormetic curve approaching the estimated no observable effect level for the particular end point. Based on the evaluation criteria, high to moderate evidence of hormesis was observed in studies comprised of > 6 doses; with > 3 doses in the hormetic zone. The present analysis suggests that chemical hormesis is a reproducible and relatively common biological phenomenon. A quantitative scheme is presented for future application to the database.
我们进行了全面的努力来识别证明化学毒物兴奋效应的文章。通过使用各种关键词描述符和广泛的交叉引用，从初步的计算机数据库搜索中检索到了近4000篇可能相关的文章。建立了先验评估标准，包括研究设计特征（如剂量数量、剂量范围）、统计分析和结果的可重复性。在评估的4000项研究中，约350项研究有化学毒物兴奋效应的证据。在广泛的分类群中观察到了化学毒物兴奋效应，涉及代表高度多样化化学类别的物质，其中许多具有潜在的环境相关性。评估了众多生物学终点；生长反应最为普遍，其次是代谢效应、寿命、生殖反应和存活率。毒物兴奋效应通常被观察到程度有限。平均低剂量最大刺激比对照组大约高50%。毒物兴奋剂量反应范围通常限于约一个数量级，毒物兴奋曲线的上限接近特定终点的估计无观察到效应水平。根据评估标准，在包含>6个剂量的研究中观察到了高到中等程度的毒物兴奋效应证据；在毒物兴奋区内有>3个剂量。目前的分析表明，化学毒物兴奋效应是一种可重复且相对常见的生物学现象。提出了一种定量方案以供未来应用于该数据库。
