Pickett E R, Kuniholm E, Protopapas A, Friedman J, Lieberman P
Department of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 1998 Feb;36(2):173-88. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00065-1.
Deficits in speech production, sentence comprehension and abstract reasoning occurred in a subject having profound bilateral damage to the putamen and the caudate nucleus. Acoustic analyses indicated that the subject's speech was degraded due to inappropriate sequencing of articulatory gestures that involve different articulatory structures. Transitions between sounds were slow and often did not achieve target configurations. The subject had a 14% error rate comprehending distinctions in meaning conveyed by syntax in English sentences; normal controls make virtually no errors in this test. Cognitive deficits involving impaired sequencing occurred: the subject had a 70% error rate on the Odd Man Out test when making decisions within a single category. Cognitive perseveration occurred when the subject was asked to shift categories. In contrast, performance was within normal ranges in tests of lexical access and memory. The pattern of deficits provides evidence for basal ganglia involvement in the regulation of sequencing across modalities.
一名壳核和尾状核受到双侧严重损伤的受试者出现了言语产生、句子理解和抽象推理方面的缺陷。声学分析表明，该受试者的言语因涉及不同发音结构的发音手势顺序不当而退化。声音之间的过渡缓慢，且往往无法达到目标构型。该受试者在理解英语句子中句法所传达的意义差异时错误率为14%；正常对照组在该测试中几乎没有错误。出现了涉及序列受损的认知缺陷：该受试者在“异类排除”测试中，在单一类别内做出决策时错误率为70%。当要求该受试者转换类别时，出现了认知固执现象。相比之下，在词汇获取和记忆测试中，其表现处于正常范围内。这些缺陷模式为基底神经节参与跨模态序列调节提供了证据。
