Bongard S, al'Absi M, Lovallo W R
Institute for Physiological Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Int J Psychophysiol. 1998 Mar;28(2):181-91. doi: 10.1016/s0167-8760(97)00095-0.
Hostility and anger-expression style are personality traits often associated with elevated cardiovascular reactivity and potential heightened risk for cardiovascular disease. In the present study a sample of 50 young, healthy men were divided into groups low or high on the Cook-Medley Hostility scale and on anger-out from Spielberger's Anger Expression scale. Subjects worked on mental arithmetic and public speaking tasks in counterbalanced order. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and hemodynamic indices were measured at baseline and during the tasks. Hostility and anger-out interacted in their effects on cardiovascular responses. The High Anger-Out/Low-Hostile group displayed the greatest increases in heart rate and blood pressures, while the High Anger-Out/High-Hostile group was least reactive. Furthermore, the High Anger-Out/Low-Hostile group showed a distinct fight/flight response pattern during public speaking, indicated by increases in stroke volume and cardiac output and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. These results suggest that a mismatch between hostile cognitions and habitual anger expression leads to greater cardiovascular reactivity to challenging tasks, potentially enhancing risk for development of cardiovascular diseases.
敌意和愤怒表达风格是通常与心血管反应性升高以及心血管疾病潜在风险增加相关的人格特质。在本研究中，50名年轻健康男性样本根据库克-梅德利敌意量表和斯皮尔伯格愤怒表达量表中的愤怒外泄得分被分为低分组或高分组。受试者以平衡顺序进行心算和公开演讲任务。在基线和任务期间测量心率、收缩压和舒张压以及血流动力学指标。敌意和愤怒外泄在对心血管反应的影响上存在交互作用。高愤怒外泄/低敌意组的心率和血压升高幅度最大，而高愤怒外泄/高敌意组的反应性最低。此外，高愤怒外泄/低敌意组在公开演讲期间表现出明显的战斗/逃跑反应模式，表现为每搏输出量和心输出量增加以及全身血管阻力降低。这些结果表明，敌意认知与习惯性愤怒表达之间的不匹配会导致对具有挑战性任务的心血管反应性增强，可能增加心血管疾病发生的风险。
