Sheinkopf S J, Siegel B
University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, USA.
J Autism Dev Disord. 1998 Feb;28(1):15-23. doi: 10.1023/a:1026054701472.
This study evaluated the impact of intensive behavioral treatment on the development of young autistic children. The treatment reported in this study was home based and was implemented by parents of autistic children with the assistance of community-based clinicians. Although treatment was unable to be observed directly, parents reported that therapy was based on methods developed by Lovaas et al. (1981). Treatment differed from that described in previous reports of intensive behavior therapy for this population in that it was implemented outside an academic setting and for a shorter period. In addition, children received fewer hours per week of therapy than in previous reports. Children in the experimental treatment group were pairwise matched to children in a control group (who received conventional school-based and brief one-on-one interventions) on the basis of pretreatment chronological and mental age, diagnosis (autism vs. PDD), and length of treatment. The groups did not differ on pretreatment IQ. Children receiving the experimental treatment had significantly higher posttreatment IQ scores. Smaller, but still statistically significant effects on symptom severity were also found, though experimental subjects still met diagnostic criteria for autism or PDD.
本研究评估了强化行为治疗对自闭症幼儿发育的影响。本研究报告的治疗以家庭为基础，由自闭症儿童的家长在社区临床医生的协助下实施。尽管无法直接观察治疗情况，但家长报告称治疗基于洛瓦斯等人（1981年）开发的方法。该治疗与以往针对该人群的强化行为治疗报告中所描述的治疗不同，因为它是在学术环境之外实施的，且持续时间较短。此外，与以往报告相比，儿童每周接受治疗的时长较少。实验治疗组的儿童根据治疗前的实足年龄和心理年龄、诊断结果（自闭症与广泛性发育障碍）以及治疗时长，与对照组儿童（接受常规的校内和简短一对一干预）进行配对。两组在治疗前的智商方面没有差异。接受实验治疗的儿童在治疗后的智商得分显著更高。虽然实验对象仍符合自闭症或广泛性发育障碍的诊断标准，但也发现了对症状严重程度较小但仍具有统计学意义的影响。
