Buguet A G, Livingstone S D, Reed L D, Limmer R E
J Appl Physiol. 1976 Aug;41(2):142-5. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1976.41.2.142.
Twenty-two male Caucasians, aged 20-47 yr, were exposed in a cold room to air temperatures of -33 degrees C while lying in sleeping bags for 2 h. Skin and rectal temperatures as well as electromyographic activity of the chin, forearm, and thigh, were recorded. Shivering occurred in all the subjects, even though skin temperatures were maintained between 31 and 33 degrees C. It is suggested that a counter-current heat exchange occurs whereby the warm blood of the common carotid artery is cooled by cool venous blood in the jugular veins. This cooled arterial blood, in irrigating the hypothalamus, causes shivering.
22名年龄在20至47岁之间的男性白种人，躺在睡袋中于寒冷房间里暴露于-33摄氏度的气温下2小时。记录了皮肤温度、直肠温度以及下巴、前臂和大腿的肌电活动。尽管皮肤温度维持在31至33摄氏度之间，但所有受试者均出现了颤抖。研究表明，发生了一种逆流热交换，即颈总动脉的温血被颈静脉中的凉静脉血冷却。这种冷却的动脉血在下丘脑供血时会引发颤抖。
