Yaruss J S
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3570, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1998 Apr;41(2):249-57. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4102.249.
The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1980) can be a useful method for describing the experiences of individuals exhibiting speech and language disorders such as stuttering. Unfortunately, the definitions for the terms impairment, disability, and handicap that were previously presented in the stuttering literature have not accurately represented the true purpose of the ICIDH as a tool for describing the consequences of disorders. This paper reviews the history of these terms in the stuttering literature and proposes alternate definitions that are more consistent with the use of the ICIDH elsewhere in the field of communication disorders, as well as within the health-related professions in general. Based on the ICIDH framework, a model is proposed for discussing the outcomes of various types of stuttering treatments in the context of an individual's experience of the stuttering disorder, and the implications for treatment outcomes research using this framework are discussed.
世界卫生组织（1980年）提出的《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》（ICIDH），可能是描述口吃等言语和语言障碍患者经历的一种有用方法。不幸的是，口吃文献中先前给出的损伤、残疾和障碍这几个术语的定义，并未准确体现ICIDH作为描述疾病后果工具的真正用途。本文回顾了这些术语在口吃文献中的历史，并提出了替代定义，这些定义与ICIDH在交流障碍领域其他地方以及一般健康相关专业中的使用更为一致。基于ICIDH框架，提出了一个模型，用于在个体口吃障碍经历的背景下讨论各种口吃治疗的结果，并讨论了使用该框架进行治疗结果研究的意义。
