Walker L J, Pitts R C
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Dev Psychol. 1998 May;34(3):403-19. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.34.3.403.
By examining naturalistic conceptions of moral maturity, this project sought a more comprehensive understanding of moral excellence than is evident in dominant theories of moral development. Studies 1 and 2 involved different samples of 120 adults (17-25, 35-55, and 65+ years). Study 3 involved a sample of 180 undergraduates. In Study 1, a free-listing procedure was used to generate the attributes of a highly moral person as well as those for two related person-concepts. In Study 2, a rating procedure for these attributes was used to generate a prototype of the moral person-concept. In Study 3, a similarity-sorting task was used to uncover people's implicit typology of moral maturity. The findings indicate that naturalistic notions of moral excellence not only contain themes of principled reasoning but also reference aspects of moral character and virtue that enlarge our understanding of the psychological functioning of the mature moral agent.
通过审视道德成熟的自然主义概念，本项目旨在比主流道德发展理论更全面地理解道德卓越。研究1和研究2涉及不同样本的120名成年人（17 - 25岁、35 - 55岁和65岁以上）。研究3涉及180名本科生样本。在研究1中，采用自由列举程序来生成道德高尚者以及两个相关人物概念的属性。在研究2中，对这些属性采用评分程序来生成道德人物概念的原型。在研究3中，使用相似性分类任务来揭示人们道德成熟的隐性类型。研究结果表明，道德卓越的自然主义观念不仅包含原则性推理的主题，还涉及道德品质和美德的方面，这拓展了我们对成熟道德主体心理功能的理解。
