Galanis D J, Kolonel L N, Lee J, Nomura A
Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA.
Int J Epidemiol. 1998 Apr;27(2):173-80. doi: 10.1093/ije/27.2.173.
We report on the associations between the intake of certain foods and beverages and the incidence of gastric cancer in a cohort of 11,907 randomly selected Japanese residents of Hawaii (6297 women and 5610 men).
The daily intake of six beverages, cigarettes and alcohol and the weekly frequency of intake of 13 foods and food groups was estimated with a short food frequency questionnaire. Over an average follow-up period of 14.8 years, 108 cases of gastric cancer (44 women, 64 men) were identified via linkage to the Hawaii Tumor Registry.
In gender-combined proportional hazards analyses, the consumption of fresh fruit seven or more times per week was associated with a significantly reduced risk of gastric cancer, compared to lower levels of consumption (relative hazard (RH): 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4-1.0, P = 0.03). The combined intake of fresh fruit and raw vegetables was inversely associated with the risk of gastric cancer in the total cohort, and among the men (P < 0.05). No significant relationships were found between gastric cancer incidence and the intake of pickled vegetables, miso soup, dried or salted fish, or processed meats among either gender. Compared to non-drinkers, men who drank one cup of coffee per day had a significantly elevated risk of gastric cancer (RH: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.0-6.1, P = 0.05), but there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship. Cigarette smoking and consumption of alcohol were not related to gastric cancer, in analyses restricted to the men.
The results related to fruit and vegetable intake are consistent with an anti-nitrosating effect of these foods, while the unexpected association between coffee consumption and gastric cancer is difficult to explain and may represent a chance finding.
我们报告了在一个由11907名随机选取的夏威夷日本居民（6297名女性和5610名男性）组成的队列中，某些食物和饮料的摄入量与胃癌发病率之间的关联。
使用简短食物频率问卷估计六种饮料、香烟和酒精的每日摄入量以及13种食物和食物组的每周摄入频率。在平均14.8年的随访期内，通过与夏威夷肿瘤登记处的关联确定了108例胃癌病例（44名女性，64名男性）。
在性别合并的比例风险分析中，与较低的食用水平相比，每周食用新鲜水果七次或更多次与胃癌风险显著降低相关（相对风险（RH）：0.6，95%置信区间（CI）：0.4 - 1.0，P = 0.03）。新鲜水果和生蔬菜的联合摄入量与整个队列以及男性中的胃癌风险呈负相关（P < 0.05）。在任何性别中，均未发现胃癌发病率与泡菜、味噌汤、干鱼或咸鱼或加工肉类的摄入量之间存在显著关系。与不喝咖啡的人相比，每天喝一杯咖啡的男性患胃癌的风险显著升高（RH：2.5，95% CI：1.0 - 6.1，P = 0.05），但没有剂量反应关系的证据。在仅限于男性的分析中，吸烟和饮酒与胃癌无关。
与水果和蔬菜摄入量相关的结果与这些食物的抗亚硝化作用一致，而咖啡消费与胃癌之间意外的关联难以解释，可能是偶然发现。
