MMWR Recomm Rep. 1998 May 15;47(RR-7):1-33.
This report updates and consolidates all previous PHS recommendations for the management of health-care workers (HCWs) who have occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids that may contain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); it includes recommendations for HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and discusses the scientific rationale for PEP. The decision to recommend HIV postexposure prophylaxis must take into account the nature of the exposure (e.g., needlestick or potentially infectious fluid that comes in contact with a mucous membrane) and the amount of blood or body fluid involved in the exposure. Other considerations include pregnancy in the HCW and exposure to virus known or suspected to be resistant to antiretroviral drugs. Assessments of the risk for infection resulting from the exposure and of the infectivity of the exposure source are key determinants of offering PEP Systems should be in place for the timely evaluation and management of exposed HCWs and for consultation with experts in the treatment of HIV when using PEP.
本报告更新并整合了公共卫生服务部（PHS）此前针对职业接触可能含有人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的血液和其他体液的医护人员（HCW）管理的所有建议；其中包括HIV暴露后预防（PEP）的建议，并讨论了PEP的科学依据。推荐HIV暴露后预防的决定必须考虑暴露的性质（例如，针刺伤或与黏膜接触的潜在感染性液体）以及暴露中涉及的血液或体液量。其他考虑因素包括医护人员是否怀孕以及是否暴露于已知或疑似对抗逆转录病毒药物耐药的病毒。对暴露导致感染的风险以及暴露源的传染性的评估是提供PEP的关键决定因素。应建立相关系统，以便及时评估和管理暴露的医护人员，并在使用PEP时与HIV治疗专家进行咨询。
