Livingston K R, Andrews J K, Harnad S
Department of Psychology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1998 May;24(3):732-53. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.24.3.732.
The authors report a series of studies designed to determine whether effects similar to those observed in the innate categorical perception of color and phonemes are induced during the learning of simple unidimensional categories and more complex multidimensional ones. In Experiment 1 no evidence was found for such effects when stimuli varied on 1 dimension. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated a within-category compression effect but no between category expansion effect for stimuli varying in 2 dimensions. Compression only was also shown in Experiment 4, which used pictures of actual objects. Multidimensional scaling analyses illustrate how within-category compression without expansion was sufficient to produce categorical clustering of items in the similarity space. These analyses also show that learning changed the dimensional structure of similarity space. Results are compared with those from other studies exploring similar phenomena and with neural network simulations.
作者报告了一系列研究，旨在确定在学习简单的一维类别和更复杂的多维类别时，是否会引发与在颜色和音素的先天分类感知中观察到的类似效应。在实验1中，当刺激在一个维度上变化时，未发现此类效应的证据。实验2和3表明，对于在两个维度上变化的刺激，存在类别内压缩效应，但不存在类别间扩展效应。实验4也只显示了压缩效应，该实验使用了实际物体的图片。多维尺度分析说明了没有扩展的类别内压缩如何足以在相似性空间中产生项目的分类聚类。这些分析还表明，学习改变了相似性空间的维度结构。将结果与其他探索类似现象的研究结果以及神经网络模拟结果进行了比较。
