Masson M E, Caldwell J I
Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 1998 Apr;98(2-3):183-210. doi: 10.1016/s0001-6918(97)00042-5.
Processing fluency caused by prior encoding of a word is shown to increased duration judgments about that word and to decrease brightness contrast judgments about its mask when the word is presented in a masked word identification task. These effects occurred following an encoding task that involved visual perception of the words (reading aloud) and a task that provided no direct visual experience (generation from a semantic cue). Analysis of judgments conditionalized on correct or failed identification of target words indicated that judgments were powerfully affected by successful identification. Subjective estimates of the proportion of targets that were previously studied suggested that awareness of prior occurrence followed as an attribution based on fluent word identification, rather than acting as a causal agent for identification or altered perceptual judgments. We conclude that prior perceptual and conceptual encoding episodes can contribute to fluent processing of target words on a subsequent masked word identification task and that, regardless of its source, this fluency is experienced in a generic form that is susceptible to attribution to various causes, including prior experience (creating a sense of recollection) and current stimulus conditions.
在一项掩蔽词识别任务中，当一个单词呈现时，由该单词先前编码引起的加工流畅性被证明会增加对该单词持续时间的判断，并降低对其掩蔽物的亮度对比度判断。这些效应发生在一个涉及单词视觉感知（大声朗读）的编码任务和一个没有提供直接视觉体验的任务（从语义线索生成）之后。对基于目标词正确或错误识别的判断进行分析表明，判断受到成功识别的强烈影响。对先前研究过的目标比例的主观估计表明，对先前出现的意识是基于流畅的单词识别而产生的一种归因，而不是作为识别或改变感知判断的因果因素。我们得出结论，先前的感知和概念编码事件可以促进后续掩蔽词识别任务中目标词的流畅加工，并且，无论其来源如何，这种流畅性以一种通用的形式被体验，这种形式容易归因于各种原因，包括先前的经验（产生回忆感）和当前的刺激条件。
