Frequency of asymmetric visual field defects in normal-tension and high-tension glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of asymmetric visual field loss at presentation in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and high-tension glaucoma (HTG).

DESIGN

A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used.

PARTICIPANTS

Four hundred and three NTG patients and 337 consecutive HTG patients (consecutive diagnoses between 1986 and 1996).

INTERVENTION

Analysis of the frequency of unilateral field loss presentations in NTG and HTG. The visual fields of fellow eyes were compared to determine the side of more severe field loss. For the NTG patients, the relationship between the side with greater field loss and corresponding intraocular pressure (IOP) was investigated.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Humphrey field analyzer mean defect (MD) and mean diurnal IOP.

RESULTS

In the NTG group, 101 (25%) patients presented with unilateral field loss. The proportion of cases with unilateral field loss decreased with increasing age of presentation (chi-square test for trend = 26.9; P < 0.0001). Sixty-four percent of the patients had unilateral field loss in the left eye. Sixty-eight percent of the cases with bilateral field loss had a higher MD in the left eye. The diurnal IOP was estimated as 0.23 +/- 0.068 mmHg (mean +/- SE) higher in the left eye (P = 0.001). In the HTG group, 104 (31%) patients presented with unilateral field loss. The proportion of cases with unilateral field loss decreased with increasing age of presentation (chi-square test for trend = 4.6; P = 0.03). Right and left eyes had an equal chance of having field loss in unilateral cases and of being the side of more advanced field damage in bilateral cases.

CONCLUSIONS

The frequency of cases with unilateral field loss was similar in HTG and NTG patients. Patients with unilateral field loss at presentation were more likely to be at the younger end of the age range. In the NTG population we studied, the left eye was more frequently the side of onset of field loss and 2.1 times more likely to present with a greater field defect than the right eye. In HTG patients, right and left eyes showed an equal chance of being the side of onset of field damage and the more affected side.