Butcher J D, Brannen S J
Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Duluth Clinic, Minnesota 55805, USA.
Clin J Sport Med. 1998 Apr;8(2):88-91. doi: 10.1097/00042752-199804000-00004.
To compare types and anatomic distribution of injuries between cross-country skiers using the classic and skating ski techniques.
Descriptive self-administered survey.
Midlevel competitors in the 1996 American Birkebeiner cross-country ski marathon (55 km). DESCRIPTION OF SURVEY: A self-administered 21-item questionnaire regarding skiing-related injuries occurring during training before the race or during the marathon. The respondent was asked for information regarding any skiing-related injury or complaint that occurred during training or while participating in the American Birkebeiner ski race. This tool also collected information regarding training habits, equipment selection, and skier demographics. Responses were coded on a Mark-Sense form and compiled by a computerized code reader.
A total of 833 surveys were returned for an overall response rate of 55%. The overall self-reported injury rate for the surveyed group was 234 per 1000 skiers (i.e., 23.4% of skiers sustained an injury during the race). Most of these injuries were minor; only 4.6% of all skiers reported lost training time because of a race injury, and only 2.8% of all skiers sought treatment from a health care provider for a race-related injury. There was no statistically significant difference between the two techniques either in overall injury rate (p=0.33) or in the location of the injury (p=0.158). The injury rates were 23% and 27%, respectively, for skating and classical techniques. The incidence of more serious injuries (those requiring medical attention) was 2.7% for skaters and 3.1% for classical skiers. No statistically significant relation was found between pole length and the development of injuries. In addition, the likelihood of sustaining an injury was independent of age and training distance.
The overall injury rates in this study were much higher than those previously reported in the literature, but no significant difference in injuries between the two skiing techniques was found. The incidence of more severe injuries, defined as those requiring medical treatment, was consistent with previous reports. Prior assumptions regarding equipment relationships to injuries were not substantiated by the findings. In spite of significant changes in the equipment and technique designed to enhance speed, cross-country skiing remains a safe sport, with its participants relatively free of serious injuries. Further investigation is required to determine whether other aspects of the sport, such as pole grip design, ski construction, and skier skill level, have any relation to injury patterns.
比较使用传统滑雪技术和自由式滑雪技术的越野滑雪者的损伤类型及解剖学分布。
描述性自填式调查。
1996年美国比尔克贝纳越野滑雪马拉松赛（55公里）的中级参赛者。
一份21项的自填式问卷，内容涉及比赛前训练期间或马拉松比赛期间发生的与滑雪相关的损伤。询问受访者有关训练或参加美国比尔克贝纳滑雪比赛期间发生的任何与滑雪相关的损伤或不适的信息。该工具还收集了有关训练习惯、装备选择和滑雪者人口统计学的信息。回答在标记感应表格上编码，并由计算机代码阅读器汇总。
共收回833份调查问卷，总体回复率为55%。被调查群体的总体自我报告损伤率为每1000名滑雪者中有234例（即23.4%的滑雪者在比赛期间受伤）。这些损伤大多为轻伤；所有滑雪者中只有4.6%报告因比赛损伤而损失训练时间，所有滑雪者中只有2.8%因与比赛相关的损伤寻求医疗保健提供者的治疗。两种技术在总体损伤率（p=0.33）或损伤部位（p=0.158）方面均无统计学显著差异。自由式和传统技术的损伤率分别为23%和27%。更严重损伤（需要医疗护理的损伤）的发生率，自由式滑雪者为2.7%，传统技术滑雪者为3.1%。未发现杆长与损伤发生之间存在统计学显著关系。此外，受伤的可能性与年龄和训练距离无关。
本研究中的总体损伤率远高于先前文献报道的水平，但两种滑雪技术之间在损伤方面未发现显著差异。定义为需要医疗治疗的更严重损伤的发生率与先前报道一致。关于装备与损伤关系的先前假设未得到研究结果的证实。尽管为提高速度而设计的装备和技术有显著变化，但越野滑雪仍然是一项安全的运动，其参与者相对较少受到严重损伤。需要进一步调查以确定该运动的其他方面，如杆柄设计、滑雪板构造和滑雪者技能水平，是否与损伤模式有任何关系。
