Blöchl E, Rachel R, Burggraf S, Hafenbradl D, Jannasch H W, Stetter K O
Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie und Archaeenzentrum, Universität Regensburg, Germany.
Extremophiles. 1997 Feb;1(1):14-21. doi: 10.1007/s007920050010.
A novel, irregular, coccoid-shaped archaeum was isolated from a hydrothermally heated black smoker wall at the TAG site at the Mid Atlantic Ridge (depth 3650 meters). It grew at between 90 degrees C and 113 degrees C (optimum 106 degrees C) and pH 4.0-6.5 (optimum 5.5) and 1%-4% salt (optimum 1.7%). The organism was a facultatively aerobic obligate chemolithoautotroph gaining energy by H2-oxidation. Nitrate, S2O3(2-), and low concentrations of O2 (up to 0.3% v/v) served as electron acceptors, yielding NH4+, H2S, and H2O as end products, respectively. Growth was inhibited by acetate, pyruvate, glucose, starch, or sulfur. The new isolate was able to form colonies on plates (at 102 degrees C) and to grow at a pressure of 25000 kPa (250 bar). Exponentially growing cultures survived a one-hour autoclaving at 121 degrees C. The GC content was 53 mol%. The core lipids consisted of glycerol-dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and traces of 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol. The cell wall was composed of a surface layer of tetrameric protein complexes arranged on a p4-lattice (center-to-center distance 18.5 nm). By its 16S rRNA sequence, the new isolate belonged to the Pyrodictiaceae. Based on its GC-content, DNA homology, S-layer composition, and metabolism, we describe here a new genus, which we name Pyrolobus (the "fire lobe"). The type species is Pyrolobus fumarii (type strain 1A; DSM 11204).
一种新型的、不规则的、球状古菌是从大西洋中脊TAG热液区的热液加热黑烟囱壁中分离出来的（深度3650米）。它在90℃至113℃（最适温度106℃）、pH值4.0 - 6.5（最适pH值5.5）和1% - 4%盐（最适盐浓度1.7%）的条件下生长。该微生物是一种兼性需氧的专性化能自养菌，通过氢气氧化获取能量。硝酸盐、硫代硫酸根离子（S2O3(2-)）和低浓度的氧气（最高可达0.3% v/v）作为电子受体，分别产生铵离子（NH4+）、硫化氢（H2S）和水（H2O）作为终产物。乙酸盐、丙酮酸盐、葡萄糖、淀粉或硫会抑制其生长。新分离出的菌株能够在平板上（102℃）形成菌落，并能在25000千帕（250巴）的压力下生长。指数生长的培养物在121℃下高压灭菌一小时后仍能存活。其鸟嘌呤-胞嘧啶（GC）含量为53摩尔%。核心脂质由甘油二烷基甘油四醚和痕量的2,3 - 二 - O - 植烷酰 - sn - 甘油组成。细胞壁由排列在p4晶格上的四聚体蛋白复合物表面层组成（中心距18.5纳米）。根据其16S rRNA序列，新分离出的菌株属于火球菌科。基于其GC含量、DNA同源性、S层组成和代谢特征，我们在此描述一个新属，命名为嗜火叶菌属（“火叶菌”）。模式种是嗜热栖热袍菌（模式菌株1A；DSM 11204）。
