Solan H A, Ficarra A, Brannan J R, Rucker F
State College of Optometry, State University of New York, USA.
J Am Optom Assoc. 1998 Jul;69(7):455-64.
This investigation examines the question of whether decreasing wavelength of light and/or reducing luminance benefits oculomotor efficiency in normal and reading disabled (RD) children.
Two groups of children were identified as normal or disabled readers using standardized reading tests. After suitable practice, eye movements were objectively measured with the Visagraph II as each of the subjects silently read a series of three different selections at their independent reading level with clear (control), gray, and blue filters. Four variables were measured for each subject. Data were analyzed using a repeated measure ANOVA and post hoc tests.
The standardized reading tests significantly differentiated average from poor readers using grade scores and percentiles. Initially, with clear filters, eye movement scores of normal readers were superior to disabled readers for fixations regressions, and rate of reading. Among the RDs--but not the normals--the three variables improved with the blue filter when compared with the clear filter, number of fixations and regressions were significantly lower, and rate was significantly higher. Gray filters yielded no significant changes. Improvement with the blue filters normalized the three variables in that there were no significant differences between normal and disabled readers.
This investigation confirms a link between wavelength of light and eye movement efficiency in reading. Blue filters resulted in a significant improvement in the number of fixations and regressions and rate of reading in RD children. The outcome broadens the concept of transient system deficit established in previous research to include the effect on oculomotor efficiency. The educational implications of this study are of special interest to optometrists.
本研究探讨了降低光的波长和/或降低亮度是否有利于正常儿童和阅读障碍（RD）儿童的眼球运动效率。
使用标准化阅读测试将两组儿童确定为正常读者或阅读障碍者。经过适当的练习后，当每个受试者在独立阅读水平下默读一系列三篇不同的文章时，使用Visagraph II客观测量眼球运动，文章分别带有透明（对照）、灰色和蓝色滤光片。为每个受试者测量四个变量。使用重复测量方差分析和事后检验对数据进行分析。
标准化阅读测试使用年级分数和百分位数显著区分了普通读者和阅读能力差的读者。最初，使用透明滤光片时，正常读者在注视回归和阅读速度方面的眼球运动分数优于阅读障碍读者。在阅读障碍儿童中（而非正常儿童中），与透明滤光片相比，蓝色滤光片使三个变量得到改善，注视次数和回归次数显著降低，阅读速度显著提高。灰色滤光片未产生显著变化。蓝色滤光片的改善使这三个变量正常化，即正常读者和阅读障碍读者之间没有显著差异。
本研究证实了阅读时光的波长与眼球运动效率之间的联系。蓝色滤光片使阅读障碍儿童的注视次数、回归次数和阅读速度得到显著改善。这一结果拓宽了先前研究中确立的瞬态系统缺陷的概念，以包括对眼球运动效率的影响。这项研究的教育意义对验光师特别有吸引力。
