Palmeri T J, Goldinger S D, Pisoni D B
Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1993 Mar;19(2):309-28. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.19.2.309.
Recognition memory for spoken words was investigated with a continuous recognition memory task. Independent variables were number of intervening words (lag) between initial and subsequent presentations of a word, total number of talkers in the stimulus set, and whether words were repeated in the same voice or a different voice. In Experiment 1, recognition judgements were based on word identity alone. Same-voice repetitions were recognized more quickly and accurately than different-voice repetitions at all values of lag and at all levels of talker variability. In Experiment 2, recognition judgments were based on both word identity and voice identity. Subjects recognized repeated voices quite accurately. Gender of the talker affected voice recognition but not item recognition. These results suggest that detailed information about a talker's voice is retained in long-term episodic memory representations of spoken words.
通过连续识别记忆任务对口语单词的识别记忆进行了研究。自变量包括一个单词首次呈现与后续呈现之间的间隔单词数量（滞后）、刺激集中说话者的总数，以及单词是以相同声音还是不同声音重复。在实验1中，识别判断仅基于单词的同一性。在所有滞后值和所有说话者变异性水平上，同一声调重复的单词比不同声调重复的单词被更快、更准确地识别。在实验2中，识别判断基于单词同一性和声音同一性。受试者能相当准确地识别重复的声音。说话者的性别影响声音识别，但不影响项目识别。这些结果表明，关于说话者声音的详细信息保留在口语单词的长期情景记忆表征中。
