Murphy F A
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616-8734, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 1998 Jul-Sep;4(3):429-35. doi: 10.3201/eid0403.980324.
In the past few years, emergent disease episodes have increased; nearly all have involved zoonotic or species-jumping infectious agents. Because there is no way to predict when or where the next important new zoonotic pathogen will emerge or what its ultimate importance might be, investigation at the first sign of emergence of a new zoonotic disease is particularly important. Such investigation may be described in terms of a discovery-to-control continuum: from recognition of a new disease in a new setting to complex phases involving the hard science disciplines pertaining to discovery, the epidemiologic sciences pertaining to risk assessment, and activities pertaining to risk management. Today, many activities involving zoonotic disease control are at risk because of a failed investigative infrastructure or financial base. Because zoonotic diseases are distinct, their prevention and control will require unique strategies, based more on fundamental research than on traditional approaches. Such strategies require that we rebuild a cadre of career-committed professionals with a holistic appreciation of several medical and biologic sciences.
在过去几年中，新发疾病事件有所增加；几乎所有事件都涉及人畜共患病原体或跨物种传播的感染因子。由于无法预测下一个重要的新人畜共患病原体将在何时何地出现，也无法预测其最终的重要性，因此在新人畜共患病出现的第一迹象时进行调查尤为重要。这种调查可以用一个从发现到控制的连续过程来描述：从在新环境中识别新疾病到涉及与发现相关的硬科学学科、与风险评估相关的流行病学学科以及与风险管理相关的活动的复杂阶段。如今，由于调查基础设施或资金基础的失败，许多涉及人畜共患病控制的活动面临风险。由于人畜共患病具有独特性，其预防和控制将需要独特的策略，更多地基于基础研究而非传统方法。这些策略要求我们重建一批致力于该职业的专业人员队伍，他们要对多种医学和生物科学有全面的认识。
