Chomel Bruno B
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J Vet Med Educ. 2003 Summer;30(2):145-7. doi: 10.3138/jvme.30.2.145.
Emerging and re-emerging zoonoses are zoonotic diseases caused by either totally new or partially new agents or by microorganisms previously known but now occurring in places or in species where the disease was previously unknown. Zoonotic diseases account for the majority of all emerging infectious diseases. Several factors have led to the emergence of these infections, including human demographics, the industrialization of food production, globalization, international travel and commerce, land use, microbial adaptation, and changes and breakdown in public health measures. Several zoonotic agents are also potential agents that could be used as biological weapons. The recent use of anthrax spores in tainted mall in the US underlines our need for preparedness against bioterrorism. Prevention and control of these emerging zoonotic diseases is based on recognition, investigation, and collaboration, the development of advanced diagnosis and surveillance tools, the use of applied epidemiology and molecular biology methods, as well as education, information, communication, and technology transfer.
新出现和重新出现的人畜共患病是由全新或部分新型病原体引起的人畜共患疾病，或者是由先前已知但现在出现在以前未知该疾病的地区或物种中的微生物引起的。人畜共患疾病占所有新出现的传染病的大多数。有几个因素导致了这些感染的出现，包括人口统计学、食品生产工业化、全球化、国际旅行和商业、土地利用、微生物适应以及公共卫生措施的变化和失效。几种人畜共患病原体也是可能被用作生物武器的潜在病原体。最近美国一家商场发生的含有炭疽孢子的事件凸显了我们应对生物恐怖主义做好准备的必要性。对这些新出现的人畜共患疾病的预防和控制基于识别、调查与合作，先进诊断和监测工具的开发，应用流行病学和分子生物学方法的使用，以及教育、信息、通信和技术转让。
