Wollin T A, Denstedt J D
Division of Urology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
J Clin Laser Med Surg. 1998 Feb;16(1):13-20. doi: 10.1089/clm.1998.16.13.
To review the physics related to the holmium laser, its laser-tissue interactions, and its application to the treatment of urological diseases.
The holmium: YAG laser is a solid-state, pulsed laser that emits light at 2100 nm. It combines the qualities of the carbon dioxide and neodymium:YAG lasers providing both tissue cutting and coagulation in a single device. Since the holmium wavelength can be transmitted down optical fibers, it is especially suited for endoscopic surgery.
The authors provide a review of the literature as it relates to the holmium laser and its application to urology.
The holmium wavelength is strongly absorbed by water. Tissue ablation occurs superficially, providing for precise incision with a thermal injury zone ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mm. This level of coagulation is sufficient for adequate hemostasis. The most common urologic applications of the holmium laser that have been reported include incision of urethral and ureteral strictures; ablation of superficial transitional cell carcinoma; bladder neck incision and prostate resection; and lithotripsy of urinary calculi.
The holmium: YAG laser is a multi-purpose, multi-specialty surgical laser. It has been shown to be safe and effective for multiple soft tissue applications and stone fragmentation. Its utilization in urology is anticipated to increase with time as a result of these features.
回顾与钬激光相关的物理学知识、其与组织的相互作用及其在泌尿外科疾病治疗中的应用。
钬：钇铝石榴石激光是一种固态脉冲激光，发射波长为2100nm的光。它兼具二氧化碳激光和钕：钇铝石榴石激光的特性，在单一设备中即可实现组织切割和凝血功能。由于钬激光波长能够通过光纤传输，因此特别适用于内镜手术。
作者对与钬激光及其在泌尿外科应用相关的文献进行了综述。
钬激光波长被水强烈吸收。组织消融发生在表面，可实现精确切割，热损伤范围为0.5至1.0mm。这种凝血水平足以实现充分止血。已报道的钬激光在泌尿外科最常见的应用包括尿道和输尿管狭窄切开术；浅表性移行细胞癌切除术；膀胱颈切开术和前列腺切除术；以及尿路结石碎石术。
钬：钇铝石榴石激光是一种多用途、多专业的手术激光。已证明其在多种软组织应用和结石破碎方面安全有效。由于这些特性，预计其在泌尿外科的应用将随着时间的推移而增加。
