Fan Y Y, Chapkin R S
Faculty of Nutrition, Molecular and Cell Biology Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA.
J Nutr. 1998 Sep;128(9):1411-4. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.9.1411.
Considerable debate remains regarding the distinct biological activities of individual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). One of the most interesting yet controversial dietary approaches has been the possible prophylactic role of dietary gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) in treating various chronic disease states. This strategy is based on the ability of diet to modify cellular lipid composition and eicosanoid (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase) biosynthesis. Recent studies demonstrate that dietary GLA increases the content of its elongase product, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), within cell membranes without concomitant changes in arachidonic acid (AA). Subsequently, upon stimulation, DGLA can be converted by inflammatory cells to 15-(S)-hydroxy-8,11,13-eicosatrienoic acid and prostaglandin E1. This is noteworthy because these compounds possess both anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. Although an optimal feeding regimen to maximize the potential benefits of dietary GLA has not yet been determined, it is the purpose of this review to summarize the most recent research that has focused on objectively and reproducibly determining the mechanism(s) by which GLA may ameliorate health problems.
关于单个多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的独特生物活性，仍存在大量争议。最有趣但也最具争议的饮食方法之一，是膳食γ-亚麻酸（GLA）在治疗各种慢性疾病状态中可能具有的预防作用。这一策略基于饮食改变细胞脂质组成和类花生酸（环氧化酶和脂氧合酶）生物合成的能力。最近的研究表明，膳食GLA可增加其延长酶产物二高-γ-亚麻酸（DGLA）在细胞膜中的含量，而花生四烯酸（AA）含量无相应变化。随后，在受到刺激时，炎症细胞可将DGLA转化为15-(S)-羟基-8,11,13-二十碳三烯酸和前列腺素E1。这一点值得注意，因为这些化合物具有抗炎和抗增殖特性。尽管尚未确定能使膳食GLA潜在益处最大化的最佳喂养方案，但本综述的目的是总结最近的研究，这些研究专注于客观且可重复地确定GLA改善健康问题的机制。
