Farrell M J, Thomson J A
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 1998 Aug;51(3):637-54. doi: 10.1080/713755776.
People can update their spatial relationships relative to the environment while walking without vision. The hypothesis that such updating is automatic was tested in a locomotor task in which the subjects were asked to refrain from updating their positions. Subjects walked without vision to one of four previously seen targets via a second location. In one condition--the updating condition--the subjects were asked to walk to the real position of the target relative to the second location; in another--the ignoring condition--they were asked to imagine that they had not moved from the starting point and to walk from the second location as if walking to the target from the initial location. When the subjects were asked to start walking to the target as soon as it was named by the experimenter, they performed better in the updating condition than in the ignoring condition. When the subjects were allowed more time to respond, the difference in performance between these two conditions disappeared. The results suggest that the subjects automatically updated their positions as they moved, but that, given enough time, they could override this updating retrospectively using more deliberate cognitive processing.
人们在无视觉引导行走时能够更新自身与环境的空间关系。关于这种更新是自动进行的这一假设，在一项运动任务中得到了检验，在该任务中，要求受试者克制自身位置的更新。受试者在无视觉引导的情况下，经第二个地点走向之前看到过的四个目标之一。在一种条件下——更新条件——要求受试者走向目标相对于第二个地点的实际位置；在另一种条件下——忽略条件——要求他们想象自己没有从起始点移动，并从第二个地点开始行走，就好像是从初始位置走向目标一样。当受试者被要求在实验者说出目标后立即开始走向目标时，他们在更新条件下的表现比在忽略条件下更好。当给予受试者更多时间做出反应时，这两种条件下的表现差异消失了。结果表明，受试者在移动时会自动更新自己的位置，但如果有足够的时间，他们可以通过更刻意的认知加工来追溯性地推翻这种更新。
