Department of Biomedical Sciences, Multiple Sclerosis Centre Binaghi Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neurosciences-DNS, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Psychol Res. 2024 Mar;88(2):678-683. doi: 10.1007/s00426-023-01881-1. Epub 2023 Oct 6.
Nonagenarians and centenarians, also called oldest-old, are a very heterogeneous population that counts a limited number of individuals as it is a real challenge to reach this goal. Even if it is well known that cognitive reserve can be considered a factor in maintaining good cognitive functioning in ageing, only very few studies have been carried out on the role of cognitive reserve (CR) in the oldest-old people. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between cognitive reserve and cognitive functioning in a population living in a specific region of Italy, the Blue Zone in Sardinia. This population is characterised by extreme longevity and distinctive historical, geographic, social, linguistic and nutritional features. The cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) and the short cognitive Esame Neuropsicologico Breve-2 (ENB-2, Brief Neuropsychological Examination) were administered to 67 participants, all aged between 90 and 105 years old. The CRIq was a predictor of neuropsychological performance for the global score of the battery of tests, ENB-2 (ENB-tot) and also for 7 out of 16 of its sub-tests. All except one (Token) tapped executive functions (Interference memory at 10 and 30 s, TMT-B, Overlapping figures, Abstraction, Fluency). Results highlight that also in the oldest-old population CR has a positive effect on cognition, especially on executive functioning.
九十岁及以上的人，也被称为最高龄老人，是一个非常多样化的群体，因为要达到这个目标是一个真正的挑战，所以人数有限。尽管众所周知认知储备可以被认为是维持老年人良好认知功能的一个因素，但只有极少数研究关注认知储备（CR）在最高龄老人中的作用。本研究旨在调查意大利特定地区（撒丁岛的蓝色地带）的人群中认知储备与认知功能之间的关系。该人群具有极高的长寿性和独特的历史、地理、社会、语言和营养特征。认知储备指数问卷（CRIq）和简短认知神经心理学检查-2（ENB-2，简短神经心理学检查）被用于 67 名年龄在 90 至 105 岁之间的参与者。CRIq 是神经心理测验成套测验的总体评分（ENB-tot）和 16 个分测验中的 7 个分测验的预测指标。除了一个（代币）外，所有的分测验都涉及执行功能（10 秒和 30 秒干扰记忆、TMT-B、重叠图形、抽象、流畅性）。结果表明，在最高龄老人中，CR 对认知也有积极影响，尤其是对执行功能。
