Marshall K W, Koch B L, Egelhoff J C
Section of Pediatric Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998 Oct;19(9):1599-607.
As of November 1, 1997, automotive air-bag deployments occurring in low-speed collisions had resulted in the deaths of 49 children and in the serious injuries of 19 children in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns of injury occurring in this new mechanism of pediatric trauma.
In search of common patterns of injury, three pediatric radiologists retrospectively evaluated the available autopsy and imaging studies in 11 such cases not previously reported in the medical literature, in addition to three published case studies.
The cause of death or serious injury in every case was the direct result of neurologic injury. Injury patterns differed according to the child's age and type of restraint used at the time of collision. Crush injury to the skull predominated in infant victims traveling in rear-facing child safety seats, and both cranial and cervical spine trauma occurred in older children traveling restrained, improperly restrained, or unrestrained in the vehicle's front passenger seat.
Air-bag systems pose a potentially fatal threat to the front-seat child passenger. This is directly related to the biomechanics at impact placing the child closer to the deploying air bag. An understanding of the biomechanics provides the radiologist insight into the two types of injury patterns observed.
截至1997年11月1日，在美国，低速碰撞时汽车安全气囊展开已导致49名儿童死亡，19名儿童受重伤。本研究的目的是调查这种新的儿科创伤机制中出现的损伤模式。
为寻找常见的损伤模式，三位儿科放射科医生回顾性评估了11例此前医学文献未报道的此类病例以及三篇已发表病例研究中的现有尸检和影像学研究。
每例死亡或重伤的原因均为神经损伤的直接后果。损伤模式因儿童年龄和碰撞时使用的约束类型而异。乘坐后向式儿童安全座椅的婴儿受害者以颅骨挤压伤为主，而乘坐车辆前排乘客座椅时受到适当约束、约束不当或未受约束的大龄儿童则同时出现颅脑和颈椎创伤。
安全气囊系统对前排儿童乘客构成潜在致命威胁。这与碰撞时的生物力学直接相关，生物力学使儿童更靠近展开的安全气囊。对生物力学的理解为放射科医生洞察所观察到的两种损伤模式提供了依据。
