Graham K, Wilsnack R, Dawson D, Vogeltanz N
Addiction Research Foundation, London, Ontario, Canada.
Addiction. 1998 Aug;93(8):1137-47. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.93811372.x.
Because of biological differences between men and women, the same quantity of alcohol consumed over the same time period produces higher blood alcohol levels (BALs) in women than in men. Some alcohol researchers have proposed that quantity and volume measures of alcohol consumption (e.g. usual number of drinks per drinking day and overall amount of alcohol consumed) should be adjusted to reflect these biological differences. To date, no standard adjustment for biological gender differences has been adopted. In this paper, we review the literature on biological and behavioral differences related to alcohol consumption and effects and discuss the implications of these differences in terms of adjusting alcohol consumption measures. Our review suggests that adjusting measures of alcohol consumption to compensate for biological sex differences is most appropriate for research or policy applications involving the short and long-term physiological effects of alcohol in contexts where gender differences in how alcohol is consumed can be assumed to be minimal. In other circumstances, non-biological gender differences relating to alcohol use, such as pace of drinking, may moderate the relationship between alcohol consumption and biological gender differences, making an adjustment less defensible. We also identify areas where more knowledge is needed not only to address the issue of adjusting alcohol measures for gender differences but also to understand better the relationship between alcohol consumption and effects.
由于男性和女性之间存在生物学差异，在相同时间段内饮用相同量的酒精，女性的血液酒精浓度（BALs）会高于男性。一些酒精研究人员建议，酒精摄入量的数量和体积测量方法（例如，每日饮酒的通常杯数和酒精摄入总量）应进行调整，以反映这些生物学差异。迄今为止，尚未采用针对生物学性别差异的标准调整方法。在本文中，我们回顾了与酒精消费及影响相关的生物学和行为差异的文献，并讨论了这些差异在调整酒精消费测量方法方面的意义。我们的综述表明，在假定饮酒方式的性别差异极小的情况下，调整酒精消费测量方法以补偿生物学性别差异，最适用于涉及酒精短期和长期生理影响的研究或政策应用。在其他情况下，与酒精使用相关的非生物学性别差异，如饮酒速度，可能会缓和酒精消费与生物学性别差异之间的关系，使得进行调整的理由不那么充分。我们还确定了不仅需要更多知识来解决针对性别差异调整酒精测量方法的问题，还需要更好地理解酒精消费与影响之间关系的领域。
