Reyna V F, Brainerd C J
Informatics and Decision Making Laboratory of Surgery and Medicine, University of Arizona, Tuscon 85724-2752, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1998 Nov;71(2):194-209. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1998.2472.
We describe the origins of fuzzy-trace theory, including Piagetian, interference, information-processing, and judgment and decision-making influences. The contrasting properties of gist and verbatim memory serve as its foundation and, in recent models of spontaneous and implanted false memories, explain seemingly contradictory developmental trends, such as reverse developmental findings, differential time courses for true and false memories, and conflicting effects of trace strength. However, approaches that integrate fuzzy-trace theory with neurological, social, emotional, and motivational perspectives are needed. A method for accomplishing this integration, using the recent models, is introduced and new research that spans these perspectives is discussed. Relations to other contemporary theories, especially source-monitoring and dual-process theories, are also explained. We conclude by rejecting the notion that spontaneous false memories are actually "true" and distinguish gist and verbatim senses of the term "true" that have different consequences in real life.
我们阐述了模糊痕迹理论的起源，包括皮亚杰理论、干扰理论、信息加工理论以及判断与决策理论的影响。主旨记忆和逐字记忆的对比特性构成了该理论的基础，并且在近期关于自发和植入性错误记忆的模型中，解释了看似矛盾的发展趋势，比如反向发展结果、真实记忆和错误记忆的不同时间进程，以及痕迹强度的冲突效应。然而，需要将模糊痕迹理论与神经学、社会、情感和动机等视角相结合的方法。本文介绍了一种利用近期模型实现这种整合的方法，并讨论了跨越这些视角的新研究。还解释了与其他当代理论的关系，特别是源监测理论和双加工理论。我们通过否定自发错误记忆实际上是“真实的”这一观点来得出结论，并区分了“真实”一词在主旨和逐字意义上的不同，这在现实生活中有不同的后果。
