Curtin F, Morabia A, Bernstein M
Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.
Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Dec 1;148(11):1040-7. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009580.
This study sought to determine cumulative lifetime exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among urban women in relation to sociodemographic factors. In a population survey carried out in Geneva, Switzerland, during 1993-1995, a representative sample of 1,883 women aged 35-74 years answered interview questions on lifetime ETS exposure. Exposed women were defined as those who had spent at least 1 hour daily in a smoky environment during 1 or more years. The prevalence of current ETS exposure was 31.0% among 1,458 never or former smokers. Lifetime prevalence was 58.3% among 1,061 never smokers. The home (42.1%) and the workplace (39.6% of employed women) were the most frequent sources of ETS exposure, leisure time activity being a secondary source. Throughout a lifetime, work accounted for the greatest average intensity of exposure (on average, 19 hours of exposure per week), while the longest duration of exposure (on average, 18 years) was in the home. Cumulative lifetime exposure (intensity (in hours/week) x duration) from all sources combined was 308 hours/week-years, which can correspond to 30.8 hours/week over a period of 10 years or 20.5 hours/week over a period of 15 years. Women from low socioeconomic classes had more intense and longer exposures than women from higher socioeconomic classes, mainly because of work exposure. Both the intensity and the duration of lifetime ETS exposure were greater than previously suspected. Reduction of ETS exposure in the workplace should be a public health priority.
本研究旨在确定城市女性一生中环境烟草烟雾（ETS）的累积暴露量及其与社会人口学因素的关系。在1993年至1995年于瑞士日内瓦进行的一项人口调查中，1883名年龄在35至74岁之间的具有代表性的女性样本回答了关于一生中ETS暴露的访谈问题。暴露女性被定义为那些在1年或更长时间内每天至少在烟雾环境中待1小时的女性。在1458名从不吸烟或曾经吸烟的女性中，当前ETS暴露的患病率为31.0%。在1061名从不吸烟的女性中，终生患病率为58.3%。家庭（42.1%）和工作场所（就业女性中的39.6%）是ETS暴露最常见的来源，休闲活动是次要来源。在一生中，工作造成的平均暴露强度最大（平均每周暴露19小时），而暴露时间最长（平均18年）的是在家中。所有来源的累积终生暴露量（强度（每周小时数）×持续时间）为308小时/周 - 年，这相当于在10年期间每周30.8小时或在15年期间每周20.5小时。社会经济阶层较低的女性比社会经济阶层较高的女性暴露强度更大且时间更长，主要是由于工作暴露。一生中ETS暴露的强度和持续时间都比之前怀疑的要大。减少工作场所的ETS暴露应成为公共卫生的优先事项。
