Bowers T S, Cohen J T
Gradient Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6(Suppl 6):1569-76. doi: 10.1289/ehp.98106s61569.
Here we explore the appropriateness of various parameter values for the Bowers et al. model [Risk Anal 14:183-189, 1994] in the context of predicting the influence of site-related exposure to lead in soil on the blood lead (PbB) levels of women of childbearing age. We outline the parameters prescribed by Bowers et al. as well as those prescribed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Comparison of the PbB levels predicted by the Bowers et al. model to those predicted by the validated O'Flaherty pharmacokinetic model indicates that the Bowers et al. model performs favorably when parameter values prescribed here are used. Use of the U.S. EPA-prescribed parameters yields predicted PbB levels that substantially exceed the validated O'Flaherty model predictions. Finally, both the U.S. EPA-prescribed parameter values and the parameter values recommended herein are used to predict PbB levels among adults living in four Superfund communities. Comparison of predicted PbB levels for these communities indicates that the U.S. EPA parameters overstate the incremental influence of lead in soil on PbB levels. Differences between the parameter values prescribed here and the U.S. EPA-prescribed parameters yield substantially different cleanup criteria for lead in soil, although conservative parameter values may still be appropriate for screening purposes.
在此，我们探讨了鲍尔斯等人的模型[《风险分析》14:183 - 189，1994年]中各种参数值在预测与场地相关的土壤铅暴露对育龄妇女血铅（PbB）水平影响方面的适用性。我们概述了鲍尔斯等人规定的参数以及美国环境保护局（U.S. EPA）规定的参数。将鲍尔斯等人的模型预测的PbB水平与经过验证的奥弗莱厄蒂药代动力学模型预测的水平进行比较表明，当使用此处规定的参数值时，鲍尔斯等人的模型表现良好。使用美国环境保护局规定的参数得出的预测PbB水平大大超过了经过验证的奥弗莱厄蒂模型的预测。最后，美国环境保护局规定的参数值和本文推荐的参数值都被用于预测生活在四个超级基金社区的成年人的PbB水平。对这些社区预测的PbB水平进行比较表明，美国环境保护局的参数高估了土壤中铅对PbB水平的增量影响。尽管保守的参数值可能仍适用于筛选目的，但此处规定的参数值与美国环境保护局规定的参数值之间的差异产生了土壤中铅的清理标准的显著差异。
