Roemer W, Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Haluszka J, Kalandidi A, Pekkanen J
Environmental and Occupational Health Group, Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Eur Respir J. 1998 Dec;12(6):1354-61. doi: 10.1183/09031936.98.12061354.
The Pollution Effects on Asthmatic Children in Europe (PEACE) study is a multicentre study of the acute effects of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM10), black smoke (BS), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the respiratory health of children with chronic respiratory symptoms. The study was conducted in the winter of 1993/1994 by 14 research centres in Europe. A total of 2,010 children, divided over 28 panels in urban and suburban locations, was followed for at least 2 months. Exposure to air pollution was monitored on a daily basis. Health status was monitored by daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements and a symptom diary. The association between respiratory health and air pollution levels was calculated with time series analysis. Combined effect estimates of air pollution on PEF or the daily prevalence of respiratory symptoms and bronchodilator use were calculated from the panel-specific effect estimates. Fixed effect models were used and, in cases of heterogeneity, random effect models. No clear associations between PM10, BS, SO2 or NO2 and morning PEF, evening PEF, prevalence of respiratory symptoms or bronchodilator use could be detected. Only previous day PM10 was negatively associated with evening PEF, but only in locations where BS was high compared to PM10 concentrations. There were no consistent differences in effect estimates between subgroups based on urban versus suburban, geographical location or mean levels of PM10, BS, SO2 and NO2. The lack of association could not be attributed to a lack of statistical power, low levels of exposure or incorrect trend specifications. In conclusion, the PEACE project did not show effects of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm, black smoke, sulphur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide on morning or evening peak expiratory flow or the daily prevalence of respiratory symptoms and bronchodilator use.
欧洲污染对哮喘儿童的影响（PEACE）研究是一项多中心研究，旨在探究空气动力学直径50%截止值为10微米的颗粒物（PM10）、黑烟（BS）、二氧化硫（SO2）和二氧化氮（NO2）对患有慢性呼吸道症状儿童的呼吸健康的急性影响。该研究于1993年/1994年冬季由欧洲的14个研究中心开展。共有2010名儿童，分布在城市和郊区的28个小组中，接受了至少2个月的跟踪。每天监测空气污染暴露情况。通过每日峰值呼气流量（PEF）测量和症状日记监测健康状况。采用时间序列分析计算呼吸健康与空气污染水平之间的关联。根据各小组的效应估计值计算空气污染对PEF或呼吸道症状及支气管扩张剂使用的每日患病率的综合效应估计值。使用固定效应模型，在存在异质性的情况下，使用随机效应模型。未发现PM10、BS、SO2或NO2与早晨PEF、晚上PEF、呼吸道症状患病率或支气管扩张剂使用之间存在明确关联。仅前一天的PM10与晚上PEF呈负相关，但仅在黑烟浓度相对于PM10浓度较高的地点如此。基于城市与郊区、地理位置或PM10、BS、SO2和NO2的平均水平划分的亚组之间，效应估计值没有一致差异。缺乏关联不能归因于统计效力不足、暴露水平低或趋势规范不正确。总之，PEACE项目未显示空气动力学直径50%截止值为10微米的颗粒物、黑烟、二氧化硫或二氧化氮对早晨或晚上的峰值呼气流量或呼吸道症状及支气管扩张剂使用的每日患病率有影响。
