McNay M B, Fleming J E
Yorkhill NHS Trust, Glasgow, UK.
Ultrasound Med Biol. 1999 Jan;25(1):3-56. doi: 10.1016/s0301-5629(98)00129-x.
In this article, we record the history of obstetric ultrasound as it developed worldwide in the second half of the twentieth century. The technological advances during this period saw the evolution of equipment from the original adapted metal flaw detectors producing a simple A-scan to the modern, purpose built, real-time colour flow machines with three-dimensional capability (Fig. 1). Clinically, ultrasound began as a research tool, but the poor quality of the images led to the ridicule of many of the early investigators. However, because of their perseverance, ultrasound developed into an imaging modality providing immense diagnostic capabilities and facilitating with precision many invasive procedures, diagnostic and therapeutic, both of which have made significant contributions to patient care. In this history, we recall the people, the personalities, and the problems they encountered during the development of ultrasound and how these problems were resolved, so that ultrasound now is available for use in the care of pregnant women throughout the developed world.
在本文中，我们记录了产科超声在20世纪下半叶在全球范围内的发展历程。这一时期的技术进步见证了设备从最初改装的金属探伤仪（只能产生简单的A扫描）发展到现代的、专门制造的、具备三维功能的实时彩色血流机器（图1）。在临床上，超声最初是作为一种研究工具，但图像质量不佳导致许多早期研究者受到嘲笑。然而，由于他们的坚持不懈，超声发展成为一种成像方式，具备巨大的诊断能力，并精确地辅助了许多侵入性诊断和治疗程序，这两者都为患者护理做出了重大贡献。在这段历史中，我们回顾了那些人、他们的个性，以及他们在超声发展过程中遇到的问题，以及这些问题是如何解决的，从而使超声现在能够在整个发达国家用于孕妇护理。
