Lackmann G M, Salzberger U, Töllner U, Chen M, Carmella S G, Hecht S S
Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Mar 3;91(5):459-65. doi: 10.1093/jnci/91.5.459.
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy can result in fetal exposure to carcinogens that are transferred from the mother via the placenta, but little information is available on fetal uptake of such compounds. We analyzed samples of the first urine from newborns whose mothers did or did not smoke cigarettes for the presence of metabolites of the potent tobacco-specific transplacental carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK).
The urine was collected and analyzed for two metabolites of NNK, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronide (NNAL-Gluc). Gas chromatography and nitrosamine-selective detection, with confirmation by mass spectrometry, were used in the analyses, which were performed without knowledge of the origin of the urine samples.
NNAL-Gluc was detected in 22 (71%) of 31 urine samples from newborns of mothers who smoked; NNAL was detected in four of these 31 urine samples. Neither compound was detected in the 17 urine samples from newborns of mothers who did not smoke. The arithmetic mean level of NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc in the 27 newborns of smokers for which both analytes were quantified was 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.083-0.200) pmol/mL. The levels of NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc in the urine from these babies were statistically significantly higher than those in the urine from newborns of nonsmoking mothers (geometric means = 0.062 [95% CI = 0.035-0.110] and 0.010 [considered as not detected; no confidence interval], respectively; two-sided P<.001). NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc levels in the 18 positive urine samples in which both analytes were quantified ranged from 0.045 to 0.400 pmol/mL, with an arithmetic mean level of 0.20 (95% CI = 0.14-0.26) pmol/mL, about 5%-10% of the levels of these compounds detected in the urine from adult smokers.
Two metabolites of the tobacco-specific transplacental carcinogen NNK can be detected in the urine from newborns of mothers who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy.
孕期吸烟会导致胎儿接触通过胎盘从母亲体内转移来的致癌物，但关于胎儿对这类化合物的摄取情况，现有信息较少。我们分析了母亲吸烟或不吸烟的新生儿的首次尿液样本，以检测强效烟草特异性经胎盘致癌物4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮（NNK）的代谢产物。
收集尿液并分析NNK的两种代谢产物，即4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁醇（NNAL）及其葡萄糖醛酸苷（NNAL-Gluc）。分析采用气相色谱和亚硝胺选择性检测，并通过质谱确认，分析过程中不知道尿液样本的来源。
在31例母亲吸烟的新生儿尿液样本中，有22例（71%）检测到NNAL-Gluc；在这31例尿液样本中有4例检测到NNAL。在母亲不吸烟的新生儿的17例尿液样本中均未检测到这两种化合物。在27例母亲吸烟且两种分析物均被定量的新生儿中，NNAL加NNAL-Gluc的算术平均水平为0.14（95%置信区间[CI]=0.083-0.200）pmol/mL。这些婴儿尿液中NNAL加NNAL-Gluc的水平在统计学上显著高于母亲不吸烟的新生儿尿液中的水平（几何平均数分别为0.062[95%CI=0.035-0.110]和0.010[视为未检测到；无置信区间]；双侧P<0.001）。在18例两种分析物均被定量的阳性尿液样本中，NNAL加NNAL-Gluc的水平在0.045至0.400 pmol/mL之间，算术平均水平为0.20（95%CI=0.14-0.26）pmol/mL，约为成年吸烟者尿液中这些化合物检测水平的5%-10%。
在孕期吸烟的母亲所生新生儿的尿液中可检测到烟草特异性经胎盘致癌物NNK的两种代谢产物。
