Stunkard A J, Berkowitz R I, Stallings V A, Schoeller D A
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-2648, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Mar;69(3):524-30. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/69.3.524.
It has been proposed that the primary determinants of body weight at 1 y of age are genetic background, as represented by parental obesity, and low total energy expenditure.
The objective was to determine the relative contributions of genetic background and energy intake and expenditure as determinants of body weight at 1 y of age.
Forty infants of obese and 38 infants of lean mothers, half boys and half girls, were assessed at 3 mo of age for 10 risk factors for obesity: sex, risk group (obese or nonobese mothers), maternal and paternal body mass index, body weight, feeding mode (breast, bottle, or both), 3-d energy intake, nutritive sucking behavior during a test meal, total energy expenditure, sleeping energy expenditure, and interactions among them.
The only difference between risk groups at baseline was that the high-risk group sucked more vigorously during the test meal. Four measures accounted for 62% of the variability in weight at 12 mo: 3-mo weight (41%, P = 0.0001), nutritive sucking behavior (9%, P = 0.0002), 3-d food intake (8%, P = 0.0002), and male sex (3%, P = 0.05). Food intake and sucking behavior at 3 mo accounted for similar amounts of variability in weight-for-length, body fat, fat-free mass, and skinfold thickness at 12 mo. Contrary to expectations, neither total nor sleeping energy expenditure at 3 mo nor maternal obesity contributed to measures of body size at 12 mo.
Energy intake contributes significantly to measures of body weight and composition at 1 y of age; parental obesity and energy expenditure do not.
有人提出，1岁时体重的主要决定因素是遗传背景（以父母肥胖为代表）和低总能量消耗。
确定遗传背景以及能量摄入与消耗作为1岁时体重决定因素的相对贡献。
对40名母亲肥胖的婴儿和38名母亲消瘦的婴儿进行评估，这些婴儿男女各半，在3个月大时评估10个肥胖风险因素：性别、风险组（母亲肥胖或非肥胖）、母亲和父亲的体重指数、体重、喂养方式（母乳喂养、奶瓶喂养或两者皆有）、3天能量摄入量、测试餐期间的营养性吸吮行为、总能量消耗、睡眠能量消耗以及它们之间的相互作用。
基线时风险组之间唯一的差异是高风险组在测试餐期间吸吮更有力。四项指标解释了12个月时体重变异性的62%：3个月时的体重（41%，P = 0.0001）、营养性吸吮行为（9%，P = 0.0002）、3天食物摄入量（8%，P = 0.0002）和男性性别（3%，P = 0.05）。3个月时的食物摄入量和吸吮行为对12个月时的身长体重比、体脂、去脂体重和皮褶厚度的变异性解释量相似。与预期相反，3个月时的总能量消耗和睡眠能量消耗以及母亲肥胖均未对12个月时的身体大小指标产生影响。
能量摄入对1岁时的体重和身体成分指标有显著贡献；父母肥胖和能量消耗则不然。
