Harding J W, Wacker D P, Berg W K, Cooper L J, Asmus J, Mlela K, Muller J
University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1999 Spring;32(1):63-82. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1999.32-63.
We examined how positive and negative reinforcement influenced time allocation, occurrence of problem behavior, and completion of parent instructions during a concurrent choice assessment with 2 preschool-aged children who displayed severe problem behavior in their homes. The children were given a series of concurrent choice options that varied availability of parent attention, access to preferred toys, and presentation of parent instructions. The results showed that both children consistently allocated their time to choice areas that included parent attention when no instructions were presented. When parent attention choice areas included the presentation of instructions, the children displayed differential patterns of behavior that appeared to be influenced by the presence or absence of preferred toys. The results extended previous applications of reinforcer assessment procedures by analyzing the relative influence of both positive and negative reinforcement within a concurrent-operants paradigm.
我们研究了正强化和负强化如何影响时间分配、问题行为的发生以及在对两名在家中表现出严重问题行为的学龄前儿童进行的同时选择评估期间父母指令的完成情况。给孩子们一系列同时进行的选择选项，这些选项在父母关注的可得性、获得喜爱玩具的机会以及父母指令的呈现方面有所不同。结果表明，在没有呈现指令时，两个孩子都始终将时间分配到包括父母关注的选择区域。当父母关注的选择区域包括指令的呈现时，孩子们表现出不同的行为模式，这些模式似乎受到喜爱玩具是否存在的影响。通过在同时操作范式中分析正强化和负强化的相对影响，这些结果扩展了强化物评估程序以前的应用。
