Fu Y X, Chaplin D D
Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Annu Rev Immunol. 1999;17:399-433. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.399.
The secondary lymphoid tissues are located at strategic sites where foreign antigens can be efficiently brought together with immune system regulatory and effector cells. The organized structure of the secondary lymphoid tissues is thought to enhance the sensitivity of antigen recognition and to support proper regulation of the activation and maturation of the antigen-responsive lymphoid cells. Although a substantial amount is known about the cellular elements that compose the lymphoid and nonlymphoid components of the secondary lymphoid tissues, information concerning the signals that control the development of the tissues and that maintain the organized tissue microenvironment remain undefined. Studies over the past few years have identified lymphotoxin as a critical signaling molecule not only for the organogenesis of secondary lymphoid tissues but for the maintenance of aspects of their microarchitecture as well. Additional signaling molecules that contribute to the formation of normal lymphoid tissue structure are being identified at an accelerating pace. Analyses of mouse strains with congenital defects in different aspects of secondary lymphoid tissue development are beginning to clarify the role of these tissues in immune responses and host defense. This review focuses on studies defining recently identified crucial signals for the biogenesis of secondary lymphoid organs and for the maintenance of their proper microarchitecture. It also discusses new insights into how the structure of these tissues supports effective immune responses.
次级淋巴组织位于关键部位，在这些部位，外来抗原能够与免疫系统的调节细胞和效应细胞有效聚集。次级淋巴组织的组织结构被认为可提高抗原识别的敏感性，并支持对抗原反应性淋巴细胞的激活和成熟进行适当调节。尽管对于构成次级淋巴组织的淋巴样和非淋巴样成分的细胞成分已了解很多，但关于控制组织发育以及维持有组织的组织微环境的信号的信息仍不明确。过去几年的研究已确定淋巴毒素不仅是次级淋巴组织器官发生的关键信号分子，也是维持其微结构某些方面的关键信号分子。有助于形成正常淋巴组织结构的其他信号分子正以越来越快的速度被发现。对在次级淋巴组织发育的不同方面存在先天性缺陷的小鼠品系进行的分析，开始阐明这些组织在免疫反应和宿主防御中的作用。本综述重点关注近期确定的对次级淋巴器官生物发生及其适当微结构维持至关重要的信号的研究。它还讨论了关于这些组织的结构如何支持有效免疫反应的新见解。
