Martí-Henneberg C, Capdevila F, Arija V, Pérez S, Cucó G, Vizmanos B, Fernández-Ballart J
Unitat de Pediatria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jun;53(6):421-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600770.
To assess the changes in energy intake (EI), food intake volume (FV) and energy density (ED) related to age and gender in a population in the Mediterranean area of Spain, and to determine the different role of FV and ED on the consecution of the adequate EI throughout lifespan.
One thousand and eighty-eight individuals (1-65 y) randomly selected from the population census.
Cross-sectional study in which food intake was quantified by 24 h dietary recall, three non-consecutive days. Height and weight measurements were taken in 885 individuals.
EI, FV and ED increased progressively (P < 0.001) between 1-2 y and 10-12 y of age in both sexes. At 1-2 y the EI is 5.8+/-1.5 MJ/d, FV 1195+/-275 g/d and ED 4.8+/-0.9 kJ/g. Between 1-2 and 3-4 y, coinciding with an EI that increased up to 7.2+/-1.5 MJ/d, there was an increase in ED up to 6.1+/-0.8 kJ/g (P < 0.001), while the FV did not vary significantly. At the start of puberty, between 7-9 and 10-12 y, when the EI increased to 9.7+/-0.9 MJ/d (P < 0.001) in males, the ED rose to 7.1+/-0.9 kJ/g (P < 0.001) while the FV did not vary significantly. At this age, a significant difference between the genders was observed in the EI (P = 0.04), and in the ED (P = 0.02) but not, as yet, in the FV. During adulthood, a significant trend towards decrease (P < 0.001 in both sexes) was observed in EI and ED. However, FV decreased significantly only in females.
The changes in energy intake that were observed with respect to age and gender were accommodated-for by changes in the ED of the diet rather than by variations in food volume intake. Autoregulation of the ED of the diet, sufficient for energy intake requirement changes, appears to be an essential human capacity for efficient nutrition.
评估西班牙地中海地区人群中与年龄和性别相关的能量摄入量（EI）、食物摄入量（FV）和能量密度（ED）的变化，并确定FV和ED在整个生命周期中对实现充足EI的不同作用。
从人口普查中随机抽取的1088名个体（1 - 65岁）。
横断面研究，通过连续三天的24小时饮食回顾对食物摄入量进行量化。对885名个体进行了身高和体重测量。
两性在1 - 2岁至10 - 12岁之间，EI、FV和ED均呈逐渐增加趋势（P < 0.001）。1 - 2岁时，EI为5.8±1.5 MJ/天，FV为1195±275克/天，ED为4.8±0.9千焦/克。在1 - 2岁至3 - 4岁之间，EI增加至7.2±1.5 MJ/天，同时ED增加至6.1±0.8千焦/克（P < 0.001），而FV无显著变化。在青春期开始时，即7 - 9岁至10 - 12岁之间，男性EI增加至9.7±0.9 MJ/天（P < 0.001），ED升至7.1±0.9千焦/克（P < 0.001），而FV无显著变化。在这个年龄段，EI（P = 0.04）和ED（P = 0.02）在性别之间存在显著差异，但FV尚无显著差异。在成年期，EI和ED均呈现显著下降趋势（两性P均 < 0.001）。然而，仅女性的FV显著下降。
观察到的与年龄和性别相关的能量摄入变化是由饮食的ED变化而非食物摄入量的变化所调节的。饮食ED的自动调节足以满足能量摄入需求的变化，这似乎是人类实现有效营养的一项基本能力。
