Sacks F M, Obarzanek E, Windhauser M M, Svetkey L P, Vollmer W M, McCullough M, Karanja N, Lin P H, Steele P, Proschan M A
Endocrine-Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Ann Epidemiol. 1995 Mar;5(2):108-18. doi: 10.1016/1047-2797(94)00055-x.
Epidemiologic studies have found that dietary patterns characterized by high intakes of certain minerals and fiber are associated with low blood pressure. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a multicenter, randomized, controlled-feeding trial designed to test the effects on blood pressure of two such dietary patterns consumed for 8 weeks. The two experimental diets will be compared with each other and with a control dietary pattern that is relatively low in potassium, magnesium, calcium, and fiber, and has a fat and protein profile mirroring current consumption. The first experimental diet, arguably termed "ideal," is high in fruits, vegetables, whole cereal products, low-fat dairy products, fish, chicken, and lean meats designed to be low in saturated fat and cholesterol; moderately high in protein; and high in minerals and fiber. The second experimental diet tests the effect of fruits and vegetables alone. Its potassium, magnesium, and dietary fiber content will be at the same high levels as the ideal dietary pattern, while its fat, protein, and calcium content will resemble that of the control dietary pattern. The study population will consist of 456 healthy men and women, aged 22 years or older, with systolic blood pressure less than 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure 80 to 95 mm Hg. African-American and other minority groups will comprise 67% of the population. Participants will eat one of the three dietary patterns. The DASH trial has unique features. First, dietary patterns rather than single nutrients are being tested. Second, all food for the experimental diets is provided to the participants using a standardized multicenter protocol. Because the dietary patterns are constructed with commonly consumed food items, the results, if positive, may be conveniently implemented in dietary recommendations to the general public.
流行病学研究发现，以某些矿物质和纤维摄入量高为特征的饮食模式与低血压有关。终止高血压膳食疗法（DASH）是一项多中心、随机、对照喂养试验，旨在测试两种此类饮食模式持续食用8周对血压的影响。将这两种实验性饮食相互比较，并与一种对照饮食模式进行比较，该对照饮食模式的钾、镁、钙和纤维含量相对较低，脂肪和蛋白质构成反映当前的摄入量。第一种实验性饮食，可以说是“理想”饮食，富含水果、蔬菜、全谷物产品、低脂乳制品、鱼类、鸡肉和瘦肉，旨在降低饱和脂肪和胆固醇含量；蛋白质含量中等偏高；矿物质和纤维含量高。第二种实验性饮食测试单独食用水果和蔬菜的效果。其钾、镁和膳食纤维含量将与理想饮食模式处于相同的高水平，而其脂肪、蛋白质和钙含量将与对照饮食模式相似。研究人群将包括456名年龄在22岁及以上、收缩压低于160毫米汞柱且舒张压在80至95毫米汞柱之间的健康男性和女性。非裔美国人和其他少数群体将占该人群的67%。参与者将采用三种饮食模式中的一种。DASH试验有独特之处。首先，测试的是饮食模式而非单一营养素。其次，使用标准化的多中心方案为参与者提供实验性饮食的所有食物。由于饮食模式是由常见食物构成的，如果结果是积极的，那么这些结果可以方便地应用于向公众提供的饮食建议中。
