Svetkey L P, Sacks F M, Obarzanek E, Vollmer W M, Appel L J, Lin P H, Karanja N M, Harsha D W, Bray G A, Aickin M, Proschan M A, Windhauser M M, Swain J F, McCarron P B, Rhodes D G, Laws R L
Duke Hypertension Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1999 Aug;99(8 Suppl):S96-104. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00423-x.
The DASH Diet, Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure Trial (DASH-Sodium) is a multicenter, randomized trial comparing the effects of 3 levels of sodium intake and 2 dietary patterns on blood pressure among adults with higher than optimal blood pressure or with stage 1 hypertension (120-159/80-95 mm Hg). The 2 dietary patterns are a control diet typical of what many Americans eat, and the DASH diet, which, by comparison, emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods, includes whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts, and is reduced in fats, red meat, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages. The 3 sodium levels are defined as higher (typical of current US consumption), intermediate (reflecting the upper limit of current US recommendations), and lower (reflecting potentially optimal levels). Participants are randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 dietary patterns using a parallel group design and are fed each of the 3 sodium levels using a randomized crossover design. The study provides participants with all of their food during a 2-week run-in feeding period and three 30-day intervention feeding periods. Participants attend the clinic for 1 meal per day, 5 days per week, and take home food for other meals. Weight is monitored and individual energy intake adjusted to maintain baseline weight. The primary outcome is systolic blood pressure measured at the end of each intervention feeding period. Systolic blood pressure is compared across the 3 sodium levels within each diet and across the 2 diets within each sodium level. If effects previously observed in clinical trials are additive, sodium reduction and the DASH diet together may lower blood pressure to an extent not as yet demonstrated for nonpharmacologic treatment. The DASH-Sodium results will have important implications for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.
饮食预防高血压（DASH）膳食、钠摄入与血压试验（DASH - 钠试验）是一项多中心随机试验，旨在比较3种钠摄入量水平和2种饮食模式对血压处于高于理想水平或患有1期高血压（120 - 159/80 - 95 mmHg）的成年人血压的影响。这2种饮食模式一种是许多美国人典型的对照饮食，另一种是DASH饮食，相比之下，DASH饮食强调水果、蔬菜和低脂乳制品，包括全谷物、家禽、鱼类和坚果，并且减少了脂肪、红肉、甜食和含糖饮料的摄入。3种钠水平分别定义为高（美国当前的典型摄入量）、中（反映美国当前建议摄入量的上限）和低（反映潜在的最佳水平）。参与者采用平行组设计被随机分配到2种饮食模式中的一种，并采用随机交叉设计接受3种钠水平的每种饮食。该研究在为期2周的导入喂养期和3个为期30天的干预喂养期内向参与者提供所有食物。参与者每周5天每天到诊所吃一顿饭，其他饭菜则带回家。监测体重并调整个人能量摄入以维持基线体重。主要结局是在每个干预喂养期结束时测量的收缩压。在每种饮食中的3种钠水平之间以及每种钠水平内的2种饮食之间比较收缩压。如果先前在临床试验中观察到的效果具有累加性，那么减少钠摄入与DASH饮食相结合可能会降低血压，降低程度对于非药物治疗来说尚未得到证实。DASH - 钠试验的结果将对高血压的预防和治疗产生重要影响。
