来自拉乌沃尔夫蓝蓟和糙毛蓝蓟（紫草科）的吡咯里西啶生物碱。
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Echium rauwolfii and Echium horridum (Boraginaceae).
作者信息
el-Shazly A, Abdel-All M, Tei A, Wink M
机构信息
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
出版信息
Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 1999 May-Jun;54(5-6):295-300. doi: 10.1515/znc-1999-5-601.
Echimidine was isolated from Echium rauwolfii and Echium horridum and identified by MS, 1H- and 13C NMR as a major alkaloid. In addition, structures of 12 minor alkaloids were inferred from GLC and GLC-MS analyses: 7-angeloylretronecine, 7-tigloylretronecine, lycopsamine, 7-acetyllycopsamine, uplandicine, 7-angeloyllycopsamine, 7-tigloyllycopsamine, tigloyl isomer of echimidine, 7-angeloyl-9-(2-methylbutyryl)retronecine, 7-tigloyl-9-(2-methylbutyryl)retronecine, 7-angeloyl-9-(2,3-dihydroxybutyryl)retronecine, and 7-tigloyl-9-(2,3-dihydroxybutyryl)retronecine. Both species had similar alkaloid profiles. Alkaloid extracts exhibited antibacterial effects with a MIC of 1.7 mg/ml in E. coli. Microscopic examination of E. coli treated with different subtoxic alkaloid concentrations (13-52 micrograms/ml) revealed extensive filamentation.
从鲁氏蓝蓟和刺蓝蓟中分离出了刺凌德草碱，并通过质谱、¹H-和¹³C核磁共振鉴定其为主要生物碱。此外，通过气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱分析推断出了12种次要生物碱的结构：7-当归酰基倒千里光裂碱、7-惕各酰基倒千里光裂碱、石蒜碱、7-乙酰基石蒜碱、高地千里光碱、7-当归酰基石蒜碱、7-惕各酰基石蒜碱、刺凌德草碱的惕各酰基异构体、7-当归酰基-9-(2-甲基丁酰基)倒千里光裂碱、7-惕各酰基-9-(2-甲基丁酰基)倒千里光裂碱、7-当归酰基-9-(2,3-二羟基丁酰基)倒千里光裂碱和7-惕各酰基-9-(2,3-二羟基丁酰基)倒千里光裂碱。这两个物种具有相似的生物碱谱。生物碱提取物对大肠杆菌表现出抗菌作用，最低抑菌浓度为1.7毫克/毫升。用不同亚毒性生物碱浓度（13 - 52微克/毫升）处理大肠杆菌后的显微镜检查显示出广泛的丝状化。
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