Innis S M, King D J
Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Sep;70(3):383-90. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/70.3.383.
Human milk fatty acids vary with maternal dietary fat composition. Hydrogenated dietary oils with trans fatty acids may displace cis n-6 and n-3 unsaturated fatty acids or have adverse effects on their metabolism. The effects of milk trans, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids in breast-fed infants are unclear, although n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are important in infant growth and development.
We sought to determine the relations between trans and cis unsaturated fatty acids in milk and plasma phospholipids and triacylglycerols of breast-fed infants, and to identify the major maternal dietary sources of trans fatty acids.
We collected milk from 103 mothers with exclusively breast-fed 2-mo-old infants, blood from 62 infants, and 3-d dietary records from 21 mothers.
Mean (+/-SEM) percentages of trans fatty acids were as follows: milk, 7.1 +/- 0.32%; infants' triacylglycerols, 6.5 +/- 0. 33%; and infants' phospholipids, 3.7 +/- 0.16%. Milk trans fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) (P < 0.001), and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) (P = 0.007) were each related to the same fatty acid in infant plasma phospholipids. Milk trans fatty acids were inversely related to milk 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, but not to milk or infant plasma 20:4n-6 or 22:6n-3. trans Fatty acids represented 7.7% of maternal total fat intake (2.5% of total energy); the major dietary sources were bakery products and breads (32%), snacks (14%), fast foods (11%), and margarines and shortenings (11%).
There were comparable concentrations of trans fatty acids in the maternal diet, breast milk, and plasma triacylglycerols of breast-fed infants. Prepared foods were the major dietary source of trans fatty acids.
母乳中的脂肪酸会随母亲饮食中的脂肪组成而变化。含有反式脂肪酸的氢化食用油可能会取代顺式n-6和n-3不饱和脂肪酸，或者对它们的代谢产生不利影响。尽管n-6和n-3脂肪酸对婴儿的生长发育很重要，但母乳中反式、n-6和n-3脂肪酸对母乳喂养婴儿的影响尚不清楚。
我们试图确定母乳以及母乳喂养婴儿血浆磷脂和三酰甘油中反式和顺式不饱和脂肪酸之间的关系，并确定反式脂肪酸的主要母体饮食来源。
我们收集了103位母亲的母乳，这些母亲的2个月大婴儿均为纯母乳喂养；收集了62名婴儿的血液；以及21位母亲的3天饮食记录。
反式脂肪酸的平均（±标准误）百分比分别如下：母乳中为7.1±0.32%；婴儿三酰甘油中为6.5±0.33%；婴儿磷脂中为3.7±0.16%。母乳中的反式脂肪酸、α-亚麻酸（18:3n-3）、花生四烯酸（20:4n-6）、二十二碳六烯酸（22:6n-3）（P<0.001）和亚油酸（18:2n-6）（P = 0.007）均与婴儿血浆磷脂中的同一种脂肪酸相关。母乳中的反式脂肪酸与母乳中的18:2n-6和18:3n-3呈负相关，但与母乳或婴儿血浆中的20:4n-6或22:6n-3无关。反式脂肪酸占母亲总脂肪摄入量的7.7%（占总能量的2.5%）；主要饮食来源是烘焙食品和面包（32%）、零食（14%）、快餐（11%）以及人造黄油和起酥油（11%）。
在母亲饮食、母乳以及母乳喂养婴儿的血浆三酰甘油中，反式脂肪酸的浓度相当。加工食品是反式脂肪酸的主要饮食来源。
